Argument Writing Structure Essentials

Objective To read and analyze multiple passages (sources) and produce a logical argument in response To write an argument essay that proves your claim (opinion) using evidence (facts, examples, quotations, etc.) and counter arguments (opposing views) in a formal tone with elevated vocabulary and correct grammar.

Academic Vocabulary Define Terms-Glossary & Pg 632 Rhetoric Argument Claim Evidence-logical and emotional Counter argument Cite Sources (Author’s Last Name pg).

Intro Paragraph Precis + Prompt State the issue/explain background (key terms, definitions, situations, events, etc.) Identify sources- e.g. literature or other (newspapers, speeches, historical events) State your claim (opinion) and support it with multiple reasons at the end of the paragraph.

Support Paragraph(s) Topic sentence -state one of your reasons (first sentence) Reason – state why the topic is important to prove your thesis Evidence-cite sources, authors, quotations, examples, details, facts, statistics, etc. Explanation- interpret and clarify your claim Transition/Conclusion- transition to the next topic or reassert the topic sentence

Counterargument Paragraph Purpose: to anticipate objections and prove your claim by refuting (disproving) the oppositional viewpoint Consider: What possible argument might your reader pose against your claim or your reasoning? Review Examples: lit book pgs 679-683

Counter Argument Paragraph State a counter claim that supports the opposing argument. Explain the counter position. Next-disprove this counter claim by using examples, quotations, facts for support. Interpret, clarify, explain the evidence from the passages. End with a concluding point that reasserts your topic sentence (reason).

Conclusion Paragraph Purpose: Your conclusion should create a sense of movement toward a more complex understanding of the argument. This is the climax of your essay! Use your strongest appeal, vivid vocabulary, emotional appeals (e.g. anecdote). Your clincher should strongly reaffirm your essay’s claim. Consider rhetorical questions.

Writing Tips 1st POV pronouns: use sparingly or not at all Use transitional words between and within your paragraphs (list 3) Use a formal, reasonable tone Use elevated vocabulary Avoid weak diction and contractions: very, things, a lot, good, bad, contractions, slang, abbreviations

Practice “Doing Nothing is Something” Read the essay on pgs. 640-642 Write a rough draft essay over question #9, pg. 643 Intro Paragraph First Body paragraph-+2 quotations