Rome
Differences between the North and South?
Italian Geography Rome centrally located in the Italian peninsula Advantages? Apennines Mtns Not rugged - run N to S Limited isolation Fertile plains throughout the central and northern part of the peninsula Alps isolated Italy from the rest of Europe
The Roman Republic 509 – 27 BCE
Republican Government Roman citizens overthrew their king in 509 BC Created a republican government where officials were chosen by the people who would then make the laws Elected officials called Senators How’s this different than a direct democracy? In times of crisis a dictator would be appointed by the Senate for six months A ruler with total control Republican Government
The Roman Republic Government Two consuls Supervise gov’t Command armies Elected annually Senate Representative body for patricians 300 members Made laws Tribunes Represent the plebeians Traders, artisans, farmers, merchants Veto unfair laws
The Twelve Tables Roman Law Laws inscribed on 12 tablets because plebeians did not know the laws Providing political and social rights for the plebeians since 450 BCE Where would it have been displayed?
Early Roman values emphasized serving the state and the family - not the individual Loyalty Honor Hard Work Family Service/Sacrifice
Oath of the Horatii by Jacques Louis David Rome vs. Alba Longa Horattii vs. Curiatti
Growth of the Republic The Roman city-state conquers city-states throughout the peninsula and eventually controls the entire peninsula by 256 BC
Growth of the Republic The Roman city-state conquers city-states throughout the peninsula and eventually controls the entire peninsula by 256 BC
Eventually Roman growth beyond Italy leads to conflict in North Africa Who are they going to fight?
Carthaginian Empire
What is unique about this conflict? What surprises you? The Punic Wars First Punic War: 264-241 BC – Rome Conflict over Sicily and the Western Mediterranean Second Punic War: 218-202 BC – Rome Hannibal Barca’s revenge Third Punic War: 149-146 BC – Rome City razed and inhabitants enslaved What is unique about this conflict? What surprises you?
Hannibal’s Route
Hannibal Crossing the Alps
What were the results of the Punic Wars over the coming generations? MONEY! LAND! SLAVES! POWER! TRADE!
Effects of Expansion Small farming society becomes a large, wealthy ruling power Controlled trade routes New lands lead to… Wealth Slave based economy Power and prestige Gap between rich and poor grows Increased corruption and rising unemployment Republic is failing the common people
What is good and bad about these effects?
Post Punic Wars Situation: Rome is too big and ungovernable… Dilemma: What should the Romans do…? Should power remain in the hands of the Senate? Should power be in the hands of one powerful individual?
Enter… Julius Caesar
Should he retire or march on Rome? Caesar’s Growth Successful general Conquers Gaul Aristocrat Respect from army Should he retire or march on Rome?
Where did Caesar fight and campaign? Create a list in your notes What areas did Caesar add to the republic? Question: Where did Caesar fight? Where did Caesar fight and campaign? Create a list in your notes
Crossing the Rubicon, 49 BC Marches to Rome, takes control of the Senate, and attempts to reform Rome Changes: Enacts public works Reduces unemployment Grants land to the poor Gave citizenship to those in the provinces
Beware the Ides of March, 44 BC Who kills him and why?
What will happen to Rome because of Caesar’s death?
Civil War! Octavian (Augustus) defeats Marc Antony Augustus becomes the first emperor of Rome in 27 BCE Called “Princep” – First Citizen Rome transitions from a republic to an empire Augustus and friend
Commemorates the reign of August and the “Roman Peace” Ara Pacis Commemorates the reign of August and the “Roman Peace”
Opinion: Should Caesar have been assassinated? Why or Why not? Julius Caesar PowerPoint Notes Engineering an Empire Notes Opinion: Should Caesar have been assassinated? Why or Why not?