The Decline of the Ottoman Empire

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Presentation transcript:

The Decline of the Ottoman Empire And the Rise of Turkey 1800’s - 1938 Coach Miller

The Ottoman Empire Expands

The Gradual Loss of Territory: 18c & 19c

The Decline of the Empire: 18c

Greek War for Independence: 1821-1832

The “Sick Man of Europe”! Crimean War: 1854-1856 The “Sick Man of Europe”!

The Ottoman Empire in 1914

Sultan Abdul Hamid II: 1876-1909 The Last Ottoman Emperor!

The Young Turks Revolt: 1908 The Committee of Union and Progress (CUP). Enver Pasha Minister of War Ottoman Commander- in-Chief Mehmet Talaat Grand Vizier, 1917-1918

The Young Turks Program Pushed for reforms  basic democratic rights: freedom of speech. freedom of assembly. freedom of the press. Problem of nationalism within (heterogeneous empire).

Two Armed Camps Allied Powers: Central Powers:

World War I Alliances: 1914-1918

Europeans Carve Up the Ottoman Empire After WW1

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881-1938) Republican People’s Party Goals: republicanism (National Assembly). nationalism (“Turkification”). populism (for the benefit of the people). statism (state-controlled economy). secularism (free from religious control). reformism. 1924  abolished the caliphate.

Atatürk’s Reforms “Turkify” the Islamic faith Translate the Qur’an into Turkish. Secular education. Ministry of Religious Affairs abolished. Sharia courts closed  new secular courts. Western-style clothing Forbid the wearing of the fez  Western-style men’s suits. Attacked the veiling of women.

Atatürk’s Reforms Adoption of a Surname. Language Reform: Roman alphabet replaced the Arabic script. Literacy in new alphabet required for government positions. State Socialism: State banks established to finance government-controlled businesses. Adoption of a Surname.