1. How the Turks Saved Turkey

2. The Turks First known from Chinese accounts
First known use of “Turk” in 6th century
Arrived in Anatolia late 11th century
Altaic language related to Mongolian
Not related to European languages
Not related to Arabic
Agglutinative language: forms words by repeated addition of endings (compare English “friendliness”)

3. The Turkish Language Bulmak = find Bulunmak = to be found
Bulunduk = having been found
Bulundugunuz = your having been found
Yer = place
Bulundugunuz yer =
The your-having-been-found place =
You are here

4. Ottoman Empire 1400

5. Ottoman Empire 1460

6. Aya Sofia, Istanbul

7. Ottoman Empire 1520

8. Ottoman Empire 1566

9. Ottoman Empire 1683

10. Ottoman Empire 1690

11. An Ottoman Ottoman

13. Ottoman Empire 1700

14. Ottoman Empire 1750

15. Ottoman Empire 1830

16. Ottoman Empire 1880

17. Ottoman Empire 1913

18. The Young Turks Mehmed Talat Pasha – prime minister
İsmail Enver Pasha – minister of war
Ahmed Djemal Pasha – minister of navy
Effectively ruled Empire during First World War
Allied with Germany during World War I
Fled Empire after the war

19. Ottoman Empire 1918

20. Turkish History in One Picture

21. Dardanelles at Canakkale

22. Gallipoli Peninsula

23. Carving Up Turkey

24. Mustafa Kemal Ataturk 1881-1938

25. Megali Idea

26. Post-Ottoman Changes Sultan deposed 1922
Caliphate and Sharia abolished 1924
Language Reforms 1930’s
Adoption of modified Roman Alphabet
Purge of Arabic and Persian words
Islam no longer official religion
Women gain vote and right to hold office 1934

27. Pluses and Minuses Upside Downside
Turkey deliberately aligns with the West
Long-overdue reforms enacted
Dramatic increase in literacy
Downside
Language reforms made Ottoman literature inaccessible
Distorted historical model sometimes used to justify reforms

28. 21st Century Europe