Abstinence Behavioral 0% failure rate Cost = free 0% failure rate Choosing not to engage in sexual intercourse

Withdrawal Method Behavioral Cost = free Removal of penis from vagina before ejaculation Failure rate = 19% Disadvantages Pre-ejaculate contains sperm No protection against STD’s.

Fertility Awareness Behavioral Cost = calendar kit $12.00 Tracking of menstrual cycle, basal body temperature and cervical mucous No sex during ovulation Failure rate = 25% Disadvantage: Menstrual cycles may vary Not a spontaneous form of contraception

Male Condom Barrier, over the counter Failure rate = 14% Cost – free-$1.00 each Failure rate = 14% Rubber/latex sheath placed over the penis to collect pre-ejaculation and semen upon ejaculation. Condoms provide protection against STD’s. Disadvantages: Incorrect use; allergies to latex

Female Condom Barrier Cost = $ 4.00 each Failure rate = 21% Fits deep into the vagina, ring holds it in place, blocks sperm from entering cervix. provides protection against STD’s. Disadvantages: difficult to use; hard to keep in place.

Sponge Barrier Failure rate = 20% Costs $9–$15 for a package of three sponges Failure rate = 20% Placed deep into the vagina to block the cervical opening; contains spermicide. Disadvantage: hard to insert No protection against STD’s.

Diaphragm & Cervical Cap Barrier (Prescription) Costs about $15–$75 Failure rate = 20% Rubber barrier placed deep into vagina to cover cervix Disadvantages: Difficult to insert moves around during sexual intercourse No protection against STD’s.

Spermicide (Foam/Jelly) Barrier Cost = $8.00 each Failure rate = 26% Injected into the vagina before sexual intercourse to immobilize sperm and block them from entering the uterus. Disadvantages: Messy Have to use each intercourse act

Hormonal Methods of Birth Control (prescription medication) 5 methods to discuss Oral pill Vaginal ring Injection Adhesive patch Emergency contraceptive pill How hormonal methods work: Prevents ovulation. Thickens cervical mucous to prevent sperm from passing through to uterus. Thins uterine wall so implantation does not occur.

Disadvantages for Hormonal Methods No protection from STD’s Bleeding between menstrual cycle Nausea and vomiting More serious side effects may occur if you are older (over age 35), smoke, and have other risk factors.

Birth Control Pill Hormonal Failure rate = 5% **if taken perfectly -$15- $50 per month Failure rate = 5% **if taken perfectly Must be taken daily at the same time 3 weeks of hormones 4th week = menstruation Different types Some contain estrogen and progestin. Some are progestin-only pills.

Vaginal Ring Hormonal $15- $50 per month Failure rate = 5 % Small, flexible ring that releases hormones Ring stays in the vagina for 1 week. 3 weeks total Removed week 4 menstruation

Hormonal Injection Hormonal Failure rate = 1% Costs $35–$75 per injection, plus any exam fees Failure rate = 1% medication will last for 3 months

The Patch Hormonal $15- $50 per month Failure rate = 8% Releases hormones through the skin Patch in place for one week (3 weeks total) Back shoulder, front hip, bicep, abdomen Week 4 without patch – menstruation.

Intra-Uterine Device (IUD) Barrier/Hormonal $500 and $1,000, lasts up to 12 years Hormonal or Copper Failure rate = 2% Affects the mobility of the sperm; thickens cervical mucous; thins the lining of the uterus. Can be in place for 3-12 years. Disadvantages: cramping, bleeding between menstrual cycles, No protection against STD’s.

Permanent Birth Control Failure rate = 1 % Vasectomy Costs $350 - $1,000 Cutting /tying of the vas deferens sperm is not part of semen Tubal ligation Costs = $1,500 - $6,000 Cutting/tying of the fallopian tubes Sperm can not reach the egg Disadvantage for both: Permanent

Plan B/Emergency Contraception Hormonal oral pill Large doses of progestin and estrogen Prescription (18 years + it is over the counter) Cost = $10.00 - $70.00 Failure rate = 20% Must be taken within 72 hours of unprotected sexual intercourse How it works? (3 ways to decrease fertilization of egg) Prevents ovulation (if it has not already occurred) Thicken mucous in cervix to decrease the risk of sperm contacting egg Thins the wall of the uterus to prevent implantation if an egg has already been fertilized.

RESOURCES Teenshealth.org Plannedparenthood.org