The Scientific Revolution applied to Human Society 1670-1776 The Enlightenment The Scientific Revolution applied to Human Society 1670-1776
Application of Science and Reason If Newton could discover laws to explain the workings of the universe, why not use the scientific method to uncover laws about humankind? Development of “Social Sciences”
Early “Social Scientists” continued Thomas Hobbes (English) people inherently selfish, evil people left to themselves would cause chaos/disorder/anarchy Social contract with government The best type of government =absolute monarchy
Early “Social Scientists” continued John Locke (1690) Agreed with Hobbes that the purpose of government was to create order If the ruler becomes a tyrant, the people have the right to rebel Order for the sake of the people
People inherently good deserved natural rights life, liberty, property Locke continued People inherently good deserved natural rights life, liberty, property Government was responsible for protecting those rights, not taking them away
Believed in the application of science and reason to social thought French Philosophes Believed in the application of science and reason to social thought Believed in Locke’s treatises: Natural rights: Religious belief, Press, end of slavery, encouraged education
Philosophes continued Montesquieu: Encouraged separation of powers/checks and balances No branch more powerful than another
Philosophes continued Voltaire The best way to ensure the natural rights was through Kings/Queens who s protect ed natural rights of the people Freedom of speech Believed that there should be separation between the state/government and religion
Philosophes continued Jean Jacques Rousseau: Believed that all men are born free and equal Government based on majority rule through consensus (agreement despite differences) voting
The Spread of Enlightenment Ideas Foundations of the Enlightenment Impacts of the Enlightenment Bacon and Descartes: Reason and Logic Growth of Secular Ideas: Importance of Education Isaac Newton: Natural Law Belief in Progress: Enlightenment Thought American and French Revolutions :Independence Movements Hobbes and Rousseau: Perception of Mankind Declaration of Independence Rights of Man and Citizen, Growth of Individualism John Locke: Natural Rights Life, Liberty and Property Voltaire: Religious Tolerance Free Speech US Bill of Rights and Enlightened Monarchies Montesquieu: Separation of Powers US, French, Latin American Constitutions
Foundations of the______________ Impacts of the ______________
Scientific Revolution World History Connections Middle Ages Renaissance Reformation Scientific Revolution Age of Exploration Enlightenment