Cell Energy Energy ~ The ability to do work. Main source of energy in living things: Glucose! C6H12O6 Glucose is a monosaccharide. Glucose is made during photosynthesis by autotrophs (plants). Glucose is part of the food eaten by heterotrophs (animals). Glucose is powerful – it must be turned into a gentler form of energy called ATP to be used by a cell.

Adenosine TriPhosphate What is ATP? Adenosine TriPhosphate ATP is the form of energy cells use to perform the processes of life. ADENOSINE PO4 PO4 PO4 The stored energy cells use is located in the chemical bond (red circles) between the second and third Phosphate (PO4)

What We Will Discuss… How the process of Photosynthesis makes Glucose How the process of Respiration takes that Glucose and turns it into ATP

PART 1 of Cell Energy Photosynthesis: How Glucose is Made A chemical reaction in which light energy is converted into chemical bond energy stored in a glucose molecule.

Chloroplast:The Location of Photosynthesis Thylakoid: looks like a pancake and is the light-collecting unit of the chloroplast (contains chlorophyll, which is its green coloring) Granum: a stack of thylakoids Stroma: the liquid within the chloroplast

Products of Photosynthesis: Reactants for Photosynthesis: Carbon dioxide: this is a gas Water Sunlight (energy) Chlorophyll (the pigment that makes chloroplasts green) Products of Photosynthesis: Glucose (energy) Oxygen: this is a gas

Occurs in mitochondria. PART 2 of Cell Energy: Cellular Respiration: How Glucose is Converted into ATP(How cellular energy is made)   This process may or may not use oxygen (this depends on if oxygen is available or not). Occurs in mitochondria.

Parts of a Mitochondrion Outer membrane: give mitochondria their shape Inner membrane: the folded part that increases the surface area for increased ATP production Matrix: the liquid inside the inner membrane and is where ATP is made

Aerobic Respiration: Respiration Using Oxygen Reactants for Aerobic Respiration: Oxygen (a gas) Glucose (energy) Products of Aerobic Respiration: 36 ATP (energy) Water Carbon dioxide (a gas)

Anaerobic Respiration: Respiration Without Oxygen Breaks down glucose without using oxygen. Produces a poisonous waste product. Only produces 2 ATP molecules from one glucose molecule. Two types of anaerobic respiration Alcoholic fermentation Lactic acid fermentation

Alcoholic Fermentation C6H12O6 CO2 + alcohol + 2 ATP Produces alcohol as a waste product. Carried out by yeast cells. Used to make bread rise, and in the alcoholic beverage industry.

Lactic Acid Fermentation C6H12O6 CO2 + lactic acid + 2 ATP Produces lactic acid as a waste product. Carried out by bacteria and causes milk to go sour. Carried out by human muscle cells (the burning feeling when you work out and causes muscles to be sore) Used in industry to make cheese and yogurt.

TO WRAP IT UP… 1) Photosynthesis: The energy from the sunlight is converted into glucose by the chloroplasts of a plant cell. 2) Respiration: The glucose is then transported to the mitochondria where it is converted into cellular energy called ATP.