Educational Technology and Instructional Design

Some Definitions Technology is the systematic application of organized behaviour and other knowledge to practical tasks. Galbraith, 1967 Educational Technology is the study and ethical practice of facilitating learning and improving performance by creating, using, and managing appropriate technological processes and resources. AECT, 2004

Nomenclature Educational Technology is also known as Instructional Technology, Educational Media and Technology, Information and Communications Technology and Information Technology. In British Columbia (or at least at UBC-V) Technology Education refers to teacher education in trades.

Educational Technology: A Hybridized Field Learning Theory Media Design/ Production Management Organizational Theory Instructional Design Math/Science & Engineering Information Science

Educational Technology: A Hybridized Field Learning Theory Instructional Design Media Design/ Production Management Organizational Theory

What is Instructional Design? The systematic process of creating or adapting instruction, including at least these steps: defining the problem or knowledge gap that the instruction is meant to address; defining the audience that the instruction is meant to serve; developing objectives and assessment strategies; selecting and sequencing content and learning activities; evaluating the instruction; revision. www.wested.org/tie/dlrn/course/glossary.html The activity of planning and designing for instruction. Also, a discipline associated with the activity. (Wilson) citl.tamu.edu/citl-glossary-main.htm The systematic process of translating principles of learning and instruction into plans for instructional materials and activities. www.ittheory.com/glossary.htm The systematic process of translating general principles of learning and instruction into realizable course materials. musgrave.cqu.edu.au/clp/clpsite/glossary.htm

What is Instructional Design? The design and development of instructional materials and learning activities to meet learning needs. www.anta.gov.au/textOnly.asp A system of developing well-structured instructional materials using objectives, related teaching strategies, systematic feedback and evaluation. (See Moore & Kearsley (1996) p. 102) https://courses.worldcampus.psu.edu/public/faculty/DEGlossary.shtml The philosophy, methodology, and approach used to deliver information. Some courseware aspects include question strategy, level of interaction, reinforcement, and branching complexity. www.neiu.edu/~dbehrlic/hrd408/glossary.htm The systemic process of creating or adapting instruction, including the following steps: (a) defining the problem or knowledge gap that the instruction is meant to address; (b) defining the audience that the instruction is meant to serve; (c) developing objectives and assessment strategies; (d) selecting and sequencing content and learning activities; and (e) evaluating the instructor. An instructional designer is an individual who applies this systemic methodology based on instructional theory to create content for learning events. www.studypages.com/en/html/COU_GlossaryOfTerms.html

ADDIE Analysis Design Development Implementation Evaluation A Generic Instructional Design Model Analysis Design Development Implementation Evaluation

Selected Characteristics Classroom Orientation A Taxonomy of Instructional Design/Development Models Based upon Selected Characteristics Selected Characteristics Classroom Orientation Product Orientation System Orientation Typical Layout One or a few hours of instruction Self-Instructional or instructor-delivered package Course or Entire Curriculum Resources Committed to Development Very Low High Team or individual Effort Individual Usually a Team Team ID Skill/Experience Low High/Very High Emphasis on Development or Selection Selection Development Amount of Front-End Analysis/ Needs Assessment Low to Medium Very High Technological Complexity of Delivery Media Medium to High Amount of Tryout and Revision Amount of Distribution /Dissemination None From Gustafson and Branch (2002). Survey of Instructional Development Models.

Selected Characteristics Classroom Orientation A Taxonomy of Instructional Design/Development Models Based upon Selected Characteristics Selected Characteristics Classroom Orientation Product Orientation System Orientation Typical Layout One or a few hours of instruction Self-Instructional or instructor-delivered package Course or Entire Curriculum Resources Committed to Development Very Low High Team or individual Effort Individual Usually a Team Team ID Skill/Experience Low High/Very High Emphasis on Development or Selection Selection Development Amount of Front-End Analysis/ Needs Assessment Low to Medium Very High Technological Complexity of Delivery Media Medium to High Amount of Tryout and Revision Amount of Distribution /Dissemination None From Gustafson and Branch (2002). Survey of Instructional Development Models.

Selected Characteristics Classroom Orientation A Taxonomy of Instructional Design/Development Models Based upon Selected Characteristics Selected Characteristics Classroom Orientation Product Orientation System Orientation Typical Layout One or a few hours of instruction Self-Instructional or instructor-delivered package Course or Entire Curriculum Resources Committed to Development Very Low High Team or individual Effort Individual Usually a Team Team ID Skill/Experience Low High/Very High Emphasis on Development or Selection Selection Development Amount of Front-End Analysis/ Needs Assessment Low to Medium Very High Technological Complexity of Delivery Media Medium to High Amount of Tryout and Revision Amount of Distribution /Dissemination None From Gustafson and Branch (2002). Survey of Instructional Development Models.

Classroom Orientation Model

Classroom Orientation Model

Classroom Orientation Model

Classroom Orientation Model Newby, Stepich, Lehman and Russell Plan Implement Evaluate

Classroom Orientation Model Analyze Learners State Objectives Select Media, Methods, and Materials Utilize Materials Require Learner Participation Evaluate (Learners & Instruction) and Revise Assure Template Adapted from: Heinich, R., Molenda, M., Russell, J.D., & Smaldino, S.E. (2002). Instructional media and technologies for learning. 7th Ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill-Prentice Hall

Product Orientation Model

Systems Orientation Model

More I.D. Models ID at OUC