Civil Rights Movement EOC

Civil Rights leader who supported nonviolence, civil disobedience, boycotts, and marches and opposed segregation

Martin Luther King Jr.

Civil rights leader who favored a more aggressive approach to achieving civil rights

Malcolm X

Founder of the NAACP; believed African Americans should go to college

W.E.B. Dubois

Believed African Americans should achieve gradual equality with job training and learning a skill or trade

Booker T. Washington

Helped end racial segregation in Major League Baseball

Jackie Robinson

Gave rights as citizens and equal protection under the law

14th Amendment

Gave African Americans the right to vote

15th Amendment

Enforced racial segregation and kept African Americans from voting and achieving racial equality

Jim Crow Laws

Prohibited the poll tax

24th Amendment

Eliminated the literacy test

Voting Rights Act 1965

Outlawed discrimination and segregation in public places and prohibited discrimination in hiring

Civil Rights Act 1964

Gave women the right to vote

19th Amendment

Ruled that segregation of blacks and whites was legal

Plessy v. Ferguson 1896

Ruled segregation of children in public schools was harmful and unconstitutional

Brown v. Board of Education 1954

Attorney for NAACP who won Brown v Board case and later became first African American Supreme Court Justice

Thurgood Marshall

Enforced the decision in Brown v Board by sending troops to allow desegregation of public high school

President Eisenhower Central High School Little Rock

Supreme Court ruled University of Texas Law School must enroll African Americans

Sweatt v. Painter 1950

Mexican Americans have a right to a jury of their peers

Hernandez v. Texas 1954

Segregation of children in Texas public schools is unconstitutional

Delgado v. Bastrop ISD 1948

Arrest for refusal to sit in back of bus led to Montgomery Bus Boycott

Rosa Parks

Sold his restaurant rather than serve African Americans

Lester Maddox

Interracial groups rode buses in South to protest racial segregation in public places

Freedom Rides

Governor of Alabama who stood in doorway at University of Alabama to prevent African American students from enrolling

George Wallace

Programs designed to increase minority representation in colleges, businesses, and professions

Affirmative Action

Supreme Court ruled that race cannot be the only factor for admission

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke

Voting districts must be equally proportioned and represented

Reynolds v. Sims