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Unit 9 Section 1 The Movement Begins

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1 Unit 9 Section 1 The Movement Begins
U.S. History Unit 9 Section 1 The Movement Begins

2 Timeline

3 Reconstruction Amendments

4 Reconstruction Amendments
13th Amendment – Abolished slavery 14th Amendment – guaranteed all citizens “due process” and “equal protection” of the laws from state governments 15th Amendment – Voting cannot be denied on the basis of race Reconstruction Amendments

5 Jim Crow Laws

6 Jim Crow Laws

7 Jim Crow Laws

8 Jim Crow Laws

9 Jim Crow Laws Video – 4min
Segregation laws in the American South Prevented blacks from sharing beaches, theaters, restaurants, water fountains, or public buses Jim Crow Laws Video – 4min

10 Dixiecrats

11 Dixiecrats

12 Dixiecrats The nickname of the States Rights’ Party
Formed when southern state delegates became upset that the Democrat Party added civil rights to their national platform Called for continued segregation Dixiecrats

13 Executive Order 9981

14 An executive order issued on July 26, 1948, by President Harry S Truman.
It abolished racial segregation in the armed forces. Executive Order 9981

15 Mendez v. Westminster

16 A 1946 federal court case that challenged racial segregation in Orange County, California schools
This decision ended 100 years of segregation in California's public schools and became a key precedent for Brown vs. Board of Education Mendez v. Westminster

17 Sweatt v. Painter

18 In 1946, Heman Sweatt, a black man, applied for admission to the University of Texas Law School
The Supreme Court found that the mere separation from the majority of law students harmed students' abilities to compete in the legal arena Sweatt v. Painter

19 Brown v. Board of Education

20 Brown v. Board of Education Video
1954 Supreme Court case out of Topeka, Kansas, that challenged the constitutionality of segregation in schools Court found for the side of Linda Brown, declaring segregated schools illegal Brown v. Board of Education Video

21 Thurgood Marshall

22 Argued the Brown v. Board of Education case before the Supreme Court
Introduced data that suggested segregation psychologically damaged black students by lowering their self-worth Later became the first black member of the Supreme Court Thurgood Marshall

23 George Wallace

24 Governor of Alabama for 4 non-consecutive terms, starting in 1963
Ran for president 4 times, losing all 4 attempts Best known for blocking the entrance of 2 black students attempting to enter the University of Alabama in 1963 George Wallace Video

25 Rosa Parks

26 Rosa Parks Video De Facto vs De Jure Segregation
Refused to give her seat on the bus to a white passenger and was arrested This served as a springboard for the civil rights movement Rosa Parks Video De Facto vs De Jure Segregation

27 Montgomery Bus Boycott

28 Montgomery Bus Boycott
Political and social protest campaign that started in 1955 in Montgomery, Alabama, after Parks was arrested Intended to oppose the city's policy of racial segregation on its public transit system Lasted 381 days before the city of Montgomery changed the laws Montgomery Bus Boycott

29 Martin Luther King, Jr.

30 Martin Luther King, Jr. Video
An energetic and moving speaker who could inspire large crowds Leader of the Montgomery Improvement Association Convinced people to boycott the buses in Montgomery, Alabama Held the people together as boycott ran for months Martin Luther King, Jr. Video

31 Orval Faubus

32 Orval Faubus Governor of Arkansas, serving from 1955 to 1967.
He is best known for his 1957 stand against the desegregation of the Little Rock public schools during the Little Rock Nine crisis Orval Faubus

33 Little Rock Nine

34 Nine students that registered at Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas
Were prevented from attending class by the Arkansas National Guard Eisenhower ordered federal troops, with bayonets fixed on their rifles, to escort the nine to school Little Rock Nine Video

35 Civil Rights Act of 1957

36 The first civil rights legislation enacted by Congress in the United States since Reconstruction
Was enacted to ensure that all Americans could exercise their right to vote Civil Rights Act of 1957

37 QUESTIONS?

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