Human Body Systems Review September 2016

Directions There will be a total of 4 stations 1. Respiratory System 2. Digestive System 3. Circulatory System 4. Excretory System You will have 10 minutes at each station to answer the questions There are various materials at each station to help you You are to write all your answers in your notebook Whatever you do not complete at your station in class will be completed for homework

Systems of the Body Review

Respiratory System Brings oxygen (O2) into the body and carries Carbon Dioxide (CO2) out of the body Nose – Air enters the body (from nostrils to nasal passage) Mouth – Air enters the body Trachea – The airway through which respiratory air travels. Also called your windpipe Bronchi – The trachea divides into 2 main bronchi. The bronchi extend into the lungs spreading in a tree-like manner as bronchial tubes which then leads to the bronchioles Lungs – Transport O2 from the atmosphere into the blood and release CO2 from the blood into the atmosphere

Digestive System Breaks down of food and absorption of nutrients Mouth – Food is broken down mechanically (chewing) and chemically (saliva) Esophagus – Food is carried to the stomach by muscle movement Stomach – Food is chemically broken down by acids and digestive juices Small Intestine – Nutrients are absorbed into the bodies blood stream

Digestive System Large Intestine – Rectum – Anus – Liver – Water is removed after nutrients have been absorbed Rectum – Lower portion of large intestines. Feces are stored here before being excreted (released) Anus – Feces are excreted Liver – Produces bile which aids in digestion Gallbladder – Stores bile and releases the bile into the small intestine Pancreas – Produces pancreatic juice (mixture of enzymes) which help bile in the small intestine to break down proteins, starches, and fats

mouth salivary glands esophagus stomach liver gallbladder pancreas 11. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. mouth salivary glands esophagus stomach liver gallbladder pancreas small intestine large intestine rectum anus

When you increase your activity level: What do the cells need to do? How will the systems of the body respond/help?

Circulatory System Transports nutrients, hormones, oxygen, water to cells. Removes wastes and carbon dioxide from cells. Heart – Pumps blood throughout the body. Blood vessels – Network of “highways” (arteries, veins, capillaries) that transport materials. Blood – Specialized body fluid that delivers substances to and from the cells. Lymph Nodes – A small ball-shaped organ of the immune system. Lymph nodes are found all through the body, and act as filters or traps for foreign particles.

Excretory System Removes all wastes, toxins, and other materials from the body Kidneys – Filters our body’s important materials and wastes (such as acids, glucose, water, etc.). Any excess materials are passed to the bladder as urine Bladder – Stores wastes from the kidneys in the form of urine Urethra – Tube that connects to the bladder then allows urine to exit the body

Wastes are also excreted through the respiratory system, integumentary system, and the digestive system.

Other Human Body Systems

Skeletal System Protects and supports the body and organs, works with skeletal muscles, produces red and white blood cells and platelets Bones – Structure that makes up the skeletal system Ligaments – Stringy connective tissue that holds bone together Cartilage – Flexible tissue that gives support and shape to the body parts

Muscular System To move limbs and trunk, to move substances through the body, to provide structure and support Skeletal Muscles – Attaches to bone and moves bone Voluntary Movement – muscles can become tired Smooth Muscles – Controls breathing, blood pressure, and digestive movement Involuntary Movement – muscles do not tire Cardiac Muscles – Found in the heart Involuntary Movement -- muscles do not tire Muscle Tissues – Composed of muscle fibers that run beside one another and are held together in bundles or connective tissue Tendons – Connective tissue that connects muscle to bone

Nervous System Network of nerve cells and fibers that transmits nerve impulses between parts of the body. Nerves are sort of like wires that carry communication signals or impulses around the body. The nervous system is itself divided into two sections:  The Central Nervous System (CNS): Brain and spinal cord. The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): sensory receptors and motor effectors.

Central Nervous System (CNS) The complex of nerve tissues that controls the activities of the body. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Connects the central nervous system to the parts of the body. It carries messages to and from the central nervous system. It sends information to the brain and carries out orders from the brain.

Helpful Websites http://www.cyh.com/HealthTopics/HealthTopicDetailsKids.aspx?p=335&np=152&id=2612 http://www.accuterm.com/life-sciences.html http://www.innerbody.com/

Body Systems To Be Discussed… Reproductive System Endocrine System Immune System