Mood Disorders

Some mood disorders include… Clinical Depression Bi-Polar Disorder Post Partum Depression Seasonal Affective Disorder

Clinical Depression: What is It?   What is It? Long lasting feelings of sadness, despair for weeks, months, or longer.  Inability to feel joy, hope, passion, satisfaction. Not necessarily from trauma or loss.  Experienced by 8 – 18% of population. Risk Factors Gender, age, marital status, genetic predisposition, a history of depression Symptoms Deep sadness, apathy, fatigue, agitation, sleep disturbances, weight/appetite changes, lack of concentration, feelings of worthlessness, morbid thoughts Treatment Medication, counseling, combination of both

The Treatment Progression

Bi-Polar Disorder: What is It?   Bi-Polar Disorder: What is It?   Mood shifts from extreme happiness to overwhelming despair, affects men and women equally, typically starts in adolescence or young adults Risk Factors Genetic predisposition, risk increases 10-15 times Symptoms Manic Phase- extremely talkative, restless, delusional, racing thoughts, hypersexuality, angry outbursts, lack of concentration Depressive Phase- abnormally low mood, hopelessness, feelings of guilt, changes in appetite and/or sleep patterns, withdrawal from others, suicidal Treatment Medications, counseling, support groups

The Many Faces of Bi-Polar Check out “A-Z of Bi-Polar” on YouTube for a long list of famous people who have lived with Bi-Polar Disorder

Seasonal Affective Disorder:   Seasonal Affective Disorder: What is It?   Depression that occurs with reduced exposure to sunlight because eyes transmit less light energy along the optic nerve and release more melatonin Risk Factors Reduced sun exposure Symptoms Increased appetite, decreased physical activity, irritability, general depression, symptoms exist primarily during dark, winter months Treatment Light therapy, exposure to natural sunlight whenever possible, exercise

How to treat S.A.D.

Post-Partum Depression:   Post-Partum Depression:   What is It? Overwhelming depression that may last for several months after birth of baby.  Affects 10 – 15% of new moms. Risk Factors Stress, isolation, decrease in estrogen and endorphins Symptoms Deep sadness, frequent crying, insomnia, fatigue, irritability, fear of harming the baby, over concern for the baby, appetite and sleep disturbances, memory loss, lack of interest in baby Treatment Support groups, antidepressant medications, estrogen therapy

Post Partum Depression Actress Gwyneth Paltrow

Anxiety Disorders

Some anxiety disorders include… Generalized Anxiety Disorder Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Panic Attacks Post Traumatic Stress Disorders

Phobia: What is It?   Excessive fear of certain objects, situations, or people where the fear in not in proportion with the level of danger. Risk Factors May run in families; strike more than 1 in 10 people.  Usually first appears in adolescence or adulthood Symptoms Extreme avoidance of the object of fear, panic attacks, heart palpitations, extreme stress symptoms Treatment Cognitive Behavioral therapy, relaxation and breathing exercises, Exposure therapy

So many phobias….

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: What is It? Urgent need to repeat a thought or action.  The obsessions are the disturbing thoughts, the compulsions are rituals or behavior that is performed to try to prevent or reduce the obsessive thoughts.   Risk Factors Disorder that affects men and women equally, 1 in 50 often show up in teens, early adulthood.  Symptoms Obsessions-uncontrollable thoughts or impulses occur repeatedly Compulsions-performed behaviors or rituals to control disturbing thoughts Treatment Cognitive behavior therapy (exposure and response prevention)

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Genetic, brain chemistry, poor coping skills, more common in women Generalized Anxiety Disorder:   What is It? Reoccurring state of anxiety, fear and tenseness, much more than the normal anxiety people experience day to day, nothing seems to provoke it. Risk Factors Genetic, brain chemistry, poor coping skills, more common in women Symptoms Diagnosed when someone spends at least 6 months worrying excessively about a number of everyday problems.  Physical symptoms may include: headaches, muscle tension, irritability, sweating, nausea, frequent urination Treatment Medication, cognitive-behavior therapy, relaxation techniques, often diminishes with age

General Anxiety Disorder

Antidepressants and anxiety reducing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder:   What is It? After effects of a past event keeping a person from living in a normal way.  May relate to terrifying past experience i.e. rape, shooting, natural disaster Symptoms Reliving the trauma in the form of nightmares, flashbacks, disturbing recollections, sleep problems, depression, feeling detached/ numb, may occur weeks, months, years after event. Treatment Antidepressants and anxiety reducing medications, CBT 

PTSD RAPE

How Anxiety Effects the Brain

Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a thought disorder…

Schizophrenia: A Thought Disorder   What is it? Not a split personality, but a split with reality People often think illogically & have false perception of reality Most hear voices and have visual hallucinations Risk Factors May be the result of physical illness and genetics Viruses, brain chemistry & birth trauma may play a role Symptoms Paranoia is a common symptom, believe outside sources are trying to control them Treatment No known cure, but highly treatable with medication (anti-psychotics) Non-treatment (about 40%of the cases) can often lead to suicide, homelessness, jail, victimization by others

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Dementia: A Cognitive Disorder

Dementia: A Cognitive Disorder  What is it? Decline of reasoning, memory and other mental abilities.    Risk Factors Aging: 1% of people age 60-64, 30-50% of people over 85 May also be caused by some diseases and infections, head injuries, drugs, stress and nutritional deficiencies Symptoms Difficulty finding words to use, forgetting names, appointments, Performing familiar tasks, confusion, mood swings Treatment Best to try to prevent rather than treat, includes good nutrition, stress reduction techniques, brain puzzles, reading,  problem solving experiences