Starter: WRITE OUT Question and Answer Which of these ideas is the best explanation of the Buddhist doctrine of 6th century BC India? The way people live in this life determines what they will be in the next life. Wisdom comes from giving up one’s attachment to the things of this world. The practice of self-denial will lead to an understanding of ultimate reality. After a sufficient number of rebirths, the soul with unite with Brahman. What are the four noble truths? Describe the caste system of ancient India. Under what circumstances might individuals be reincarnated in a form lower then their previous existence? (Make an inference using the notes from yesterday)

Vocabulary Dynasty- a family of rulers whose right to rule is passed on within the family. Silk Road- a route between the Roman Empire and China Aristocracy- an upper class whose wealth is based on land and whose power is passed on from one generation to another. Mandate of Heaven- claim by Chinese kings that they had direct authority from heaven to rule and to keep order in the universe. Dao- “Way” Confucianism- the system of political and ethical ideas formulated by the Chinese philosopher Confucius. Daoism- a system of ideas that teaches that the will of heaven is best followed through inaction so that nature is allowed to take its course. Legalism- a popular philosophy that proposes that human beings are evil by nature and can only be brought to the correct path by harsh law. Regime- the government in power.

Ancient China Location: China, Asia River: Huang He (Yellow) River, and the Chang Jiang River *

Geography of China Mountains and deserts served as barriers that separated Chinese people from other Asian people. Flooding was dangerous *

Shang Dynasty Came to power around 1500 BC First written records Built buildings of woods Focus on the importance of groups and cooperation Family was considered the most important part of society and religion Chinese believed that family members who died could still influence those living (ancestor worship)

Zhou Dynasty Came to power around 1027 BC Adopted much of Shang culture, but began a new idea of divine rule. Mandate of Heaven: claim by Chinese kings that they had direct authority from heaven to rule and to keep order in the universe. Issues within the Zhou rule led to losses of power to nobles. These nobles fought each other leading to what is referred to as the “time of warring states.”

Chinese Philosophies Confucius (born 551 BC) believed that peace could return to China. Confucianism: Concerned with human behavior-proper way to behave was in accordance with the Dao Dao: “the proper way” View of the Dao-Duty and humanity

Duty Five Constant Relationships-parent and child, husband and wife, older and younger siblings, older and younger friends, and ruler and subjects All people had to subordinate their own interests to the broader needs of the family and the community. “Work Ethic”-If each individual worked hard to fulfill his or her duties, then the affairs of society as a whole would prosper as well.

Humanity a sense of compassion and empathy for others “Do not do unto others what you would not wish done to yourself” “Measure the feelings of others by one’s own” “Within the four seas all men are brothers”

Daoism: inaction rather than action The best way to act in harmony with the universal order is to act spontaneously and let nature take its course by not interfering with it.

Legalism: “School of Law” proposed that human beings were evil by nature believed a strong ruler is required to create an orderly society

Qin Dynasty 221 BC, the Qin Dynasty began under ruler Shih Huangdi. Doubled the size of China Burned many books throughout his empire that he disagreed with Unification of the empire Construction of roads which caused an increase in trade Set standards for writing, law, money, and weights & measurement Construction of the Great Wall After Shih Huangdi’s death, his son served only three years before being defeated by the Han Dyansty.

Great Wall of China created to protect against nomadic invaders from the north linked existing walls together

Han Dynasty Came to power in 202 BC and ruled for 400 years Liu Bang (first emperor of the Han Dynasty) lowered taxes, decreased punishments for crimes, and life became easier for the Chinese. Empress Lu Wudi (141-87 BC) expanded China to its modern size. Civil service exams (rule of merit) tested the ability of applicants before they could receive government posts.

Inventions of the Han Dynasty Paper Two-bladed plow Silk (in high demand in India and portions of Europe led to the development of the Silk Road) Silk Road: trading network from China into parts of Western Asia and parts of Europe; trade of luxury items only due to the dangers of the route; cities were developed along its route in several different empires *The methods to making paper and silk were kept very secret!

The Silk Road

Be prepared to discuss with the class. Ancient China Video While watching the video, write down 7-8 facts that you found interesting. Be prepared to discuss with the class.

Early River Civilization Chart

Ancient China Travel Brochure Create a travel brochure on Ancient China. Include the following in your Brochure: Geography: Location (Map) & natural features (Rivers, mountains,coast, Seas) Social: daily life- What did people do everyday? (Jobs, Social Structure,Economics, culture, religion) Accomplishments: famous people, events or achievements Arts: visual, language (books, poetry) or architecture Decorate: your cover according to the topic Each section is worth 20 points (20*5=100 points) Your brochure must be historically accurate, creative, and colorful.