1. Confucius & Ancient China
August 29

2. What does this quote mean?
Activator
“I hear and I forget. I see and I remember. I do and I understand.” Confucius
What does this quote mean?

3. Chinese Societies
Element: Describe the development of Chinese civilization under the Zhou and Qin.
Vocabulary: Mandate of Heaven, dynastic cycle, Zhou Dynasty, Qin dynasty, Shi Huangdi, autocracy, Great Wall of China, terra cota army

4. Geography of China

5. Geographic China slightly larger than the United States
rich in natural resources
Farming a challenge on 2/3 of the land surface
East China is where 96% of population live
World’s largest population with 1.2 billion

6. Confucius
Element: Explain the impact of Confucianism on Chinese culture; include the examination system, the Mandate of Heaven, the status of peasants, the status of merchants, and the patriarchal family, and explain diffusion to Southeast Asia, Japan, and Korea.
Vocabulary: Confucius, filial piety, bureaucracy, examination system

7. Family in Ancient China
the basic economic and social unit
a symbol of the social order
Farm Life:
made families important
many people were needed to work the farms

8. Family in Ancient China
patriarchal family:
important to ancient Chinese family life
every member has his or her own place
the needs of the family members comes second to the head male
an important Confucian concept

9. Family in Ancient China
Roles:
Young children worked in the fields
Older sons
expected to undertake physical labor
to provide for their parents
Men
responsible for providing food for their families
governed society
were warriors and scholars
Women
raised children
stayed at home

10. Confucius Kung Fu Tzu (551-479 BCE) a Chinese philosopher
his teachings were recorded and studied by his students
Chinese pupils continued to study Confucius’s teachings until the twentieth century
developed a code of ethical conduct
wrote “The Analects”

11. Confucianism Confucius code of ethical conduct
developed as a result of the time of Warring states after the fall of the Zhou Dynasty
to restore order and moral living in China
society was organized by right relationships
believed that if humans acted in harmony with the universe, then their affairs would prosper

12. Confucianism Dao (Way) - key to proper behavior
careful observance of ancient traditions
reverence for learning
cherishing of honesty
devotion to parents, family, friends and obedient to rule
individual needs second to the needs of family and community
urged people to “measure the feelings of others by one’s own” (Golden Rule)

13. Older & Younger Brother
Relationships
Father & Son
Filial Piety
Older & Younger Brother
Friend & Friend
Ruler & Subject
Husband & Wife

14. Five Constant Relationships
governed everybody
each individual has a duty to all others
relationships:
father & son (filial piety)
husband & wife
older & younger brother
friend & friend
ruler & subject

15. Role of Government
if each individual worked hard to fulfill his or her duties, society would prosper
rulers must set a good example and rule virtuously if society is to prosper
dominate relationship is the family
strong, efficient government begins with the family

16. Examination System
civil service positions were not to be chosen through special or inherited privilege, but through an individual’s own abilities
began in the 6th century
required government officials to pass tests

17. Examination System
exams included civil laws, revenue and taxes, agriculture and geography, military strategies, and classics of Confucianism
led to the development of a bureaucracy - a trained civil service, or those who run the government on day to day bases

18. Social Order “Let the ruler be a ruler, the subject a subject”
supports idea of the Mandate of Heaven
Devine Right Ruler highest class in society

19. Social Order peasants made up the second-highest class
Merchants occupied the lowest class because they merely bought and sold what others had made
social division did not indicate wealth or power
Peasants were still poor and merchants were still rich

20. Diffusion Confucian scholars opposed war and other coercive measures
lead by moral example
not by conquest or conversion
legacy of Chinese regimes in Vietnam(southeast Asia) and Korea
embraced in Japan

21. Activity
Today you will read and analyze quotes from Confucius.

22. Summarizer
How did Confucianism impact Chinese culture?