Hitler and Mussolini Take Control of Germany and Italy Rise of Fascism Hitler and Mussolini Take Control of Germany and Italy

Focus Questions What is Fascism? Militant political movement that relied on Dictatorial Rule and maintained rigid control of the people through force and censorship

Common Problems In Germany and Italy Economic Chaos Heavy Nat’l debt Inflation High unemployment Food shortages Raw materials shortage Strikes, lockouts, violence Discontent over Versailles

Benito Mussolini Founds the Italian Fascist Movement in 1919 Promises to rebuild Italy’s economy and military Gains Support of the Military and Veterans—BLACK SHIRTS Groups of fascists led by Mussolini that attacked Socialists and Communists in the streets Extremely Anti-Communist

Benito Mussolini October 1922: MARCH ON ROME Mussolini becomes the Premier of Italy by threat of force against King Victor Emmanuel III

Benito Mussolini 1925: Mussolini and the Fascists take complete control of Italy Mussolini takes the Title “IL DUCE” Fascists outlaw Democracy and forbid any other political parties Italy improves economically Reduces Unemployment Increases Military Strength

Adolf Hitler World War I Veteran and unsuccessful “Starving Artist” Actually born in Austria, but joins German army during World War I.

Bob Ross Don’t confuse his art with Hitler’s art

Hitler comes to Power BROWN SHIRTS – Nazi Street Thugs Nationalist Socialist Workers Party (NAZI) forms in Munich Following WWI— BROWN SHIRTS – Nazi Street Thugs Hitler becomes its Leader Jailed in 1923: BEER HALL PUTSCH Attempted Overthrow of the Weimar Republic While in he wrote “MEIN KAMPF” (My Struggle) Describes his goals for the German Nation

Beer Hall Putsch

Beer Hall Putsch

Hitler comes to Power

Hitler comes to Power 1933: Hitler is Appointed Chancellor of Germany Calls for New Elections—Trying to get More Nazis in Gov’t Reichstag Fire—Blamed on Communists…Won Elections Hitler Soon Names himself Dictator and Takes the title “DER FUHRER” By Naming Hitler as Reichschancellor, you have delivered up our holy Fatherland to one of the greatest rabble-rousers of all time. I solemnly predict that this accursed man will plunge our Reich into the abyss and bring our nation into inconceivable misery. -Erich Ludendorff, letter to Hindenburg, Feb. 1 1933

Hitler—First Actions Forms the Gestapo- Secret Police Judges replaced “When I hear the word culture, I reach for my gun” Judges replaced Universities taken over- all education May 1, 1933- Complete Censorship of media June, 1933-All parties (ex. Nazi) outlawed Nuremberg Laws: Laws depriving Jews of their Rights