microscopic “organ – like” structures that help the cell to function Cell Organelles microscopic “organ – like” structures that help the cell to function
Two types of cells Prokaryotic: cells without a nucleus; such as Bacteria
Eukaryotic: cells with a nucleus; such as animal cells and plant cells
Cell Membrane found in all cells The outer “skin” Made of fats and proteins is semi-permeable (has holes in it ) FUNCTIONS: Allows for passage of materials in and out of the cell Used for cell communication and identification
Cell Wall a tough outer coat found in ONLY plant cells & some bacteria cells FUNCTIONS : Adds extra protection and support to plant cells
Cytoplasm Found in all cells The watery medium inside the cell Made of mostly water FUNCTIONS : Holds up / supports the organelles Stores energy
Cytoskeleton Found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The cytoskeleton helps to support the cell and maintain its shape It is made up of microtubules and microfilaments.
Nucleus found in all EUKARYOTIC cells (plants, animals, fungi and protists) Largest organelle FUNCTIONS : Has DNA inside Is the “control” center of the cell Bacteria cells do not have one = PROKARYOTES
Nucleolous found inside the nucleus FUNCTIONS : Has RNA inside Gives instructions for the making of protein
Nuclear Membrane the porous “skin” around the nucleus FUNCTIONS : Allows things to enter and leave the nucleus
Ribosomes smallest cell organelle found in ALL cells small round “specks” FUNCTIONS : where proteins are manufactured
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane bound tubules and sacs that are covered with ribosomes. Transports proteins to Golgi apparatus and other things around cytoplasm.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Does not have ribosomes attached. Lipids are made here and attached to proteins. Things leaving the smooth ER are transported in vesicles.
Golgi Bodies (or Golgi Apparatus) looks like a stack of pancakes (with syrup) FUNCTIONS : to make vesicles to ship molecules around cell. “packages” things for the cell
Mitochondria large “peanut” shaped organelle has folded membranes inside nicknamed the “powerhouse” of the cell FUNCTIONS : a factory where ENERGY is made
Chloroplasts green football-shaped organelles found ONLY in plant and some protists cells green football-shaped organelles FUNCTIONS : to make food for plant cells through the process of photosynthesis
Lysosomes nicknamed “suicide packets” has digestive acids inside has a double lined membrane FUNCTIONS : helps the cell to digest food ***can burst and kill itself ***
Vacuoles small storage units in all cells large water vacuole in plant cells called “central vacuole” FUNCTIONS : Stores material for the cell including water and nutrients
Centrioles Only found in animal cells “bundles of sticks” FUNCTIONS : helps the cell with reproduction
Cilia and Flagella Found in prokaryote and eukaryote cells. Made of microtubules and help different cells move. Cilia and flagella differ in their beating patterns