1. Inside the Cell
Unit 2: The Cell

2. EUKARYOTES: organism whose cells contain a
Membrane-bound nucleus
Other organelles
PROKARYOTES: unicellular organism that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus
Lack other cell organelles
Example: bacteria, blue-green algae

3. Organelle: cell component that performs specific functions for the cell

4. NUCLEUS Function: controls what happens within the cell
“brain” of the cell
Contains DNA which is usually all tangled up (condensed) in the form of CHROMATIN
The nucleus is surrounded by the NUCLEAR MEMBRANE which controls what enters and leaves the nucleus
“control center”

5. NUCLEOLUS: dark region inside the nucleus
Produces ribosomes
RIBOSOMES
Function: synthesis of proteins
Interprets code from RNA
Found on ROUGH Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Also within cytoplasm
“factory machine”

6. CYTOPLASM
Function: gives the cell shape, holds organelles
Jelly like substance
liquid portion of cell; gives the cell some shape
“factory floor”
LYSOSOME
*Function: Contains enzymes that digest excess or worn out cell parts, food, or invaders
waste disposal unit

7. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)
Function: delivery system for cell
Folded membrane forming a network of connected tubes
Rough ER: studded with ribosomes, transports proteins
Smooth ER: has no ribosomes

8. VACUOLES
Function: temporary storage areas for food, water, enzymes and wastes
Special types:
Contractile vacuole: pumps out excess water in single-celled water dwelling organisms
Central vacuole: large vacuole found in plants, used for water storage

9. GOLGI APPARATUS
Function: Stores and distributes materials into vacuoles
Stacked, flattened sacs
“assembly line”—customization shop for finishing touches before leaving the factory

10. MITOCHONDRIA “powerhouse” of cell
Function: Releases energy from food molecules (site of cellular respiration, ATP molecules made here)
Has its own DNA (maternal only)
Found in both animal and plant cells
Cells that needs more energy have more mitochondria
Ex: muscles, growing cells, areas of repair

11. CHLOROPLASTS
Function: Site of photosynthesis
Found in plant cells (not animal cells)
Contains pigment called chlorophyll

12. *Forms framework to help maintain shape
CYTOSKELETON
Function:
*Forms framework to help maintain shape
*Tiny rods that crisscross the cell
*May be microfilaments or microtubules

13. CILIA
Hairlike projections that move in waves
FLAGELLA
Long tail-like projection that moves in whip-like motion

15. Review the Parts