GCSE LEVEL PE Lesson 15 A healthy active lifestyle and your muscular system Short term responses and long term adaptations as a result of exercise Muscular System 2

Connector Review the muscles and movements created by the muscles with your partner. Give sporting examples of the movements. Do not refer to last weeks work unless necessary. 2

KEY WORDS Aerobic energy Anaerobic energy Lactic acid Isotonic contractions Isometric contractions Muscular hypertrophy

Big Picture You will learn about the adaptations and responses that regular exercise has on the muscular system. You will be able to explain how these responses and adaptations will effect performers in a variety of sports. 4

Lesson Outcomes All students will be able to correctly identify the three immediate responses of the muscular system as a result of exercise. Most students will be able to explain these responses and make reference to a variety of sports and the fuel used and by products produced. All students will be able to identify the long term adaptations that occur in the muscular system as a result of regular exercise. Most students will be able to explain in detail why these adaptations take place and how they can benefit a range of sport performers in a variety of sports. 5

TASK Read through page 143. What are the 3 immediate responses to exercise of the muscular system? Write a paragraph to explain why each of these occurs. Write down the definitions for isometric and isotonic contractions. Complete the table on the worksheet giving two sporting examples.

IMMEDIATE AND SHORT TERM RESPONSES OF EXERCISE ON THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM How the body produces the energy needed to exercise. FUEL WASTE PRODUCT Anaerobic Energy – without oxygen (0 – 120secs) Glucose = ENERGY + lactic acid Aerobic Energy – with oxygen Glucose (or fat) + O2 = CO2 + ENERGY

IMMEDIATE AND SHORT TERM RESPONSES OF EXERCISE ON THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM Increased fuel / energy demands Lactic acid Muscle Fatigue With your partner identify and explain why these immediate responses take place.

LONG TERM ADAPTATIONS OF EXERCISE ON THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM What are the long term adaptations on the muscular system? Muscle Hypertrophy Read page 144. Describe in your own words muscle hypertrophy.

FROM A-LEVEL PE – INFORMATION ONLY HOW A MUSCLE CONTRACTS Image Sliding Filament Theory 1 Sliding Filament Theory 2

TASK Describe in your own words muscle hypertrophy. Key Points Exercise using the principle of training overload causes muscle fibres to work harder than usual causing them trauma This causes tiny tears in the muscle fibres Tears are rebuilt using bridges that repairs the tear and makes it stronger The repair process takes upto 48 hours Rest is important to allow the muscles time to fully recover.

LONG TERM ADAPTATIONS OF EXERCISE ON THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM As a result of muscle hypertrophy Increased muscular strength & endurance Increased muscular strength improves muscular power Improved muscle tone Improved posture Stronger tendons Stronger ligaments Increase bone strength

REVIEW With your partner; Identify the 3 short-term responses to exercise of the muscular system Explain why they occur Identify the long-term adaptation to exercise of the muscular system Explain the advantages that this has on the body.