1. As soon as you begin to exercise your muscle cells increase their demands for oxygen (O 2 ). As exercise continues there is also an increased need to remove wastes such as carbon dioxide(CO 2 ) and lactic acid. Immediately, your heart will beat faster and your breathing rate will increase to try and meet this demand. PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE

2. Immediate responses to exercise PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE Response Heart rate Describe what happens Increase in the volume of blood pumped with each contraction Explain why it happens Muscles need more oxygen to contract so more blood needs to travel to the muscles. Also more CO 2 and lactic acid need to be removed

3. Immediate responses to exercise PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE Response Stroke volume (the amount of blood pumped by heart per beat) Describe what happens Increase in the amount of blood pumped from the heart per beat Explain why it happens Muscles need more oxygen to contract so more blood needs to travel to the muscles. Also more CO 2 and lactic acid need to be removed

4. Immediate responses to exercise PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE Response Cardiac Output (CO = SV X HR) Describe what happens Increase in the amount of blood pumped from the heart each minute Explain why it happens Muscles need more oxygen to contract so more blood needs to travel to the muscles. Also more CO 2 and lactic acid need to be removed

5. Immediate responses to exercise PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE Response Blood to muscles Describe what happens Increase in the number of beats per minute Explain why it happens Muscles need more oxygen to contract so more blood needs to travel to the muscles. Also more CO 2 and lactic acid need to be removed

6. Immediate responses to exercise PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE Response Blood pressure Describe what happens Increases slightly. More blood gets to the muscles Explain why it happens The pressure of blood in the aorta rises due to more blood being pumped with each heartbeat (like turning the tap up)

7. Immediate responses to exercise PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE Response Respiration rate (The no. of breathes you take per minute) Describe what happens Increase in the number of breathes taken per minute Explain why it happens Muscles need more oxygen to contract so more air containing oxygen is breathed in. More CO 2 needs to be exhaled.

8. Immediate responses to exercise PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE Response Oxygen uptake (amount of oxygen muscles can take up and use in 1 minute) Describe what happens Increase. More oxygen is absorbed into the blood in the lungs Explain why it happens Muscles need more oxygen to contract so more oxygen needs to get into the blood to supply the muscles

9. Immediate responses to exercise PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE Response Breathe deeper Describe what happens Rib cage expands and lungs fill up with more air Explain why it happens Muscles need more O 2 so more air is needed in lungs

10. Immediate responses to exercise PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE Response Body Temperature Describe what happens Working muscles produce heat Explain why it happens Blood transports heat to all parts of the body which causes the body to heat up

11. Immediate responses to exercise PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE Response Sweat Describe what happens Skin gets wet Explain why it happens Prevents overheating. Condensation forms on the skin cooling the blood close to the skin surface. Also H 2 O excreted from muscles

12. In the long term the training effect on your cardio-respiratory system means that working muscles get a better oxygen delivery service which, in turn, means that you have the capacity to perform better aerobically. PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE

13. Long term responses to exercise PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE Response Blood volume Describe what happens Increase in the amount of blood in the body Explain why it happens Muscles need more oxygen for contraction so more blood means more oxygen will get to the muscles

14. Long term responses to exercise PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE Response Size of the heart Describe what happens Increase in the size of the heart Explain why it happens The heart works harder to pump blood so atrophy occurs (it develops more muscle fibres)

15. Long term responses to exercise PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE Response Heart strength Describe what happens The heart gets stronger Explain why it happens The heart increases muscle fibres so gets stronger and so pumps more blood with each beat

16. Long term responses to exercise PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE Response Oxygen carrying capacity of the blood Describe what happens More blood and more red blood cells are produced Explain why it happens More red blood cells can carry more oxygen to the muscles

17. Long term responses to exercise PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE Response Heart rate at rest Describe what happens Decrease in heart rate at rest Explain why it happens The heart is stronger and able to pump more blood per beat, more red blood cells carry more O 2, O 2 uptake is increased so the heart does not have to beat so fast to get required O 2 to the muscles.

18. Long term responses to exercise PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE Response Ability of lungs to distribute oxygen Describe what happens More oxygen is absorbed into the bloodstream through the lungs Explain why it happens The lungs take in more air, more capillaries develop in the lungs and so more O 2 and CO 2 are exchanged

19. Long term responses to exercise PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE Response Number of blood vessels Describe what happens Increase in number of blood vessels Explain why it happens More blood vessels are produced to cope with demands of more blood and O 2 needed by the muscles to contract. As muscles get bigger more blood vessels are produced.

20. Long term responses to exercise PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE Response Muscle size Describe what happens Increase (hypertrophy) in muscle size Explain why it happens More muscle fibres grow and an increase in the size of the fibres

21. Long term responses to exercise PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE Response Muscle strength Describe what happens Increase in muscle strength Explain why it happens More muscle fibres grow and an increase in the size of the fibres which in turn gives the muscle more strength

22. Identify and describe a long term response that occurs from completing a Running training programme. Explain how this response could improve you playing the game Response identified Heart rate at rest Describe what happens Decrease in heart rate at rest Explain why it happens The heart is stronger and able to pump more blood per beat, more red blood cells carry more O 2, O 2 uptake is increased so the heart does not have to beat so fast to get required O 2 to the muscles. Explain how response improves you playing the game I will be able to keep running without getting tired as my heart has adapted to increased workloads

23. Anaerobic threshold Having a high anaerobic threshold will benefit an endurance athlete or athlete who uses explosive movements? Explain why.

24. LABORATORY To measure and observe some of the changes which take place in the body during exercise