1. THE PHYSIOLOGY OF FITNESS
The body’s response to acute exercise
Part Three: Musculoskeletal Response

2. Session Outcomes
List two responses of the musculoskeletal system to acute exercise
Describe the processes involved in one response of the musculoskeletal system
Explain why the process occurs and the benefits it generates for exercise

3. Recap : Responses to physical activity
Can be acute or chronic
Acute – body’s immediate responses to exercise
Chronic – adaptations to the body that occur through regular training

4. Responses to physical activity
Musculoskeletal responses:
Increased blood supply
Increased muscle pliability
Increased range of movement
Muscle fibre tears

5. Musculoskeletal system
Consists of muscles, tendons, ligaments, bones and cartilage.
Their function is to support and move the body (posture)
The system is controlled by the nervous system to produce voluntary movement.
Nerve impulses cause muscles to contact
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6. Musculoskeletal system
Muscle tissue has four main properties:
Excitability (ability to respond to stimuli)
Contractibility (ability to contract)
Extensibility (ability of a muscle to be stretched without tearing)
Elasticity (ability to return to its normal shape).

7. Individual task
What acute responses have occurred in your musculoskeletal system?
Identify responses and try to explain why you believe these responses have occurred.

8. 1. Increased blood supply
Increase in temperature and metabolic activity.
Muscle contraction produces heat and as much as 70% of body heat is produced by energy production in muscle tissue (Shivering !!)
The greater demand for oxygen is met by an increase in blood supply through capillary dilation

9. 2. Increase in muscle pliability
KEY TERM:
Pliability – relates to the stretchiness of your muscles and connective tissue.
Question:
Muscle damage – increase or decreased risk when warm?
Warming of muscles makes them more pliable and reduces the risk of injury and damage – natural response

10. 3. Increased range of movement
KEY TERM:
Viscous: the measure of resistance (thickness) of a fluid.
Acute responses to the skeletal system is demonstrated by changes within the joints
Joint movement stimulates the secretion of synovial fluid
The fluid becomes less viscous and the R.O.M. at the joint increases

11. 4. Muscle fibre micro tears
The stress placed on your muscles during exercise leads to tiny tears in the muscle fibres
The tears will cause swelling in the muscle tissue, this creates pressure on the nerve endings and pain
Training improvements will only be made if the body has sufficient fuel and rest to repair the micro tears.
Repair of the tears will make the muscle a little bit stronger than it was before

12. Session Outcomes
List two responses of the musculoskeletal system to acute exercise
Describe the processes involved in one response of the musculoskeletal system
Explain why the process occurs and the benefits it generates for exercise

13. TASK
In pairs you are to produce a poster presentation of an elite athlete showing acute responses to their activity?
Cardiovascular responses
Respiratory responses
Musculoskeletal responses
Energy systems used

14. Practical
Practical Task in groups of 4
You are to plan exercise in the sports hall for each main energy system.
Cp energy system -10s ‘explosive’ 1 min rest intervals
Lactic acid energy system 60-90s ‘high intensity’ 3min rest
Aerobic energy system 2min+
Plan how you can record acute responses to these activities