Contributors to Greenhouse Gases Simulation of GE quiz http://sunshine.chpc.utah.edu/Labs/OurAtmosphere/greenhouse.swf

GLOBAL WARMING 2 causes 1. THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT

Albedo Effect How much of the Sun’s energy is reflected back into space

Feedbacks

Increasing CO2 Concentrations Satellite of CO2 We reached 400ppm in 2014! We reached 400.9ppm in 2015! http://climate.nasa.gov/climate_resources/25/

Global Temperatures since 1880 Sea ice change Interactives NASA Videos Since 1880 temperatures have increased 0.8°C. However, some have declined. Global temp change graphic http://climate.nasa.gov/climate_resources/25/ http://climate.nasa.gov/resources/graphics-and-multimedia/ https://twitter.com/GoldenGateNPS/status/823624278230695936?s=03

Sea Level Changes

pressure

GREENHOUSE EFFECT When the Sun’s heat enters the ATMOSPHERE some of the heat Radiates back to space The rest is ABSORBED by H2O & land Gases in the atmosphere like, CH4 (methane), CO2, CO, from organisms & human activity on Earth are called Greenhouse Gases. Why? The Greenhouse Effect is … The Sun’s heat mixing with these gases in the Troposphere layer of the atmosphere & trap heat. This is called Greenhouse Warming Animation no sound http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/greenhouse.html

2. OZONE 03 Layer Thinning STRATOSPHERE layer thins out Why? Filters U.V. RAYS thins out Why? CFC’S-CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS Compound gas; used in Refrigerators, A/C, Spray cans CFC’s can travel to the Ozone and breaks up the O3 molecules. So the Ozone thins out, which lets in stronger UV rays They were banned in the 90’s. But, they can last up to 120 years in the Atmosphere. Video thinning with CFC’s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IniJx-vRHG0

Ozone Destruction by Chlorofluorocarbons chlorine breaks ozone’s bonds and pulls off one atom of oxygen, O3 + Cl -> ClO + O2 a free oxygen atoms pulls the oxygen atom from ClO, freeing the chlorine and creating one oxygen molecule: ClO + O -> Cl + O2 One chlorine atom can catalyze the breakdown of as many as 100,000 ozone molecules https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I1wrEvc2URE

Temperatures and Greenhouse Gas Concentrations in Past 400,000 Years No one was around thousands of years ago to measure temperatures so we use other indirect measurements. Some of these are Changes in species compositions Chemical analyses of ice Measurement of CO2 gas in ice cores

How can we reduce Greenhouse gases? Plant trees Use scrubbers in smoke stacks Carpool, walk, use public transportation Use less electricity reduce power plants burning of fossil fuels electric/hybrid cars Increase renewable energy Solar, Wind

EFFECTS of Climate Change HUMANS & ANIMALS SKIN CANCER stronger UV rays Fish-lay eggs in water, may not hatch due to acid rain, pH drop AMPHIBIANS lay their eggs in water UV rays go through eggs, may not hatch or cause genetic defects.

Effects on Ecosystem DISRUPTION OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS for some plants LOWER PHYTOPLANKTON levels in the water Reduced PRODUCERS in the FOOD CHAIN/WEB LOWER CROP YIELDS for farmers- Famines WEATHER PATTERNS -change in ocean currents stronger hurricanes, droughts, flooding.

Effects on Ocean and Land MELTING ICE CAPS & RISING SEA LEVELS ICE REFLECTS HEAT-less ice, more melting + feedback loop Increases fresh water into ocean water-disrupts ocean habitats Flooding-Relocation of populations in Coastal areas/ Islands Salt water getting into freshwater wells.

Relocation of people/animals Sea level increase Mosquito diseases Polar bear Famine Disruption of ecosystems