2. Atmosphere—the thin layer of gases that surround the earth 78%nitrogen 21%oxygen 1%CO 2, helium, neon, argon, water vapor, etc

3. Layers of the atmosphere 1.) troposhere---earth’s surface to 10km up—has 90% of earths gases—where weather occurs 2.) stratosphere---10km-45km--- very thin—planes travel in the lower section—contains the OZONE layer

5. 3.) mesosphere 4.) thermosphere 5.) exosphere---merges with outer space

6. Weather--- what happens in the atmosphere in that particular area at that movement Climate---average weather in an area over along period of time

7. Latitude---distance from the equator—measure in degrees north or south controls climate by the amount of solar energy the area receives

9. Atmospheric circulation patterns --cold air sinks then warms --warm air rises then cools --warm air hold more water vapor than cold air

11. Ocean Circulation Patterns affect climate because water holds large amounts of heat Mountain Ranges—affect climate— you can be near the equator (Kilimanjaro) and have snow year round

12. Mountains

13. Wet side 283 inches of rain a year

15. Seasonal Changes in Climate earth is tilted about 23° During spring + summer in the northern hemisphere—the tilt is toward the sun—more concentrated solar energy Closer to the equator the less extreme seasonal changes occur

17. Greenhouse gases---cause heat to be trapped—raising global temps Many gases can cause this main 2---CO 2 and methane

18. CO 2 come from natural processes like respiration—that amount can easily be control by plants (photosynthesis) Burning fossil fuels releases CO 2 — the amount we release from this process can NOT be lessened by nature

20. Greenhouse effect— when heat gets trapped by the greenhouse gases Global warming---effect—the increase of the average temperature of the planet

22. Affect of Global Warming 1.) Change in weather patterns floods, droughts 2.) Melting of polar ice caps 3.) Rise in sea levels 4.) Agriculture—time of year to grow changes or reduced

23. How to stop Global Warming 1.) Reduce the use of fossil fuels 2.) Plant trees 3.) Watch out for your carbon footprint (try online calculators)

24. O 3 —3 oxygen atoms together— located in the stratosphere—absorbs most of the UV rays from the sun UV light can change DNA in living things (cancers, kill single celled organisms, disrupt food chains

26. CFC’s ----chlorofluorocarbons --man-made chemical— nonpoisonous, nonflammable, doesn’t corrode metals---used as a coolant in refrigerators, AC units, Styrofoam, spray cans 1 chlorine atom from CFC can destroy 100,000 ozone molecules

27. Ozone Hole South pole—noticed in 1985— thinning of the ozone shield by 50- 98% Would open in winter and close in summer---over time the size would increase

29. 1992-Conference on Demark—93 countries Industrialized countries eliminate CFC’s usage by 1995 US—banned all chemicals dangerous to the ozone by 2000