Thomas Jefferson Jefferson was born into a wealthy family in colonial VA Inherited a huge estate from his father and began building Monticello at 26 Wrote the D.O.I in 1776 at the age of 33

The Election of 1800 Jefferson defeats John Adams Democratic Republicans take the White House for the first time 1st Peaceful transition of power from one party to another

Jefferson’s Inaugural 1st President to take the oath of office in Washington D.C. Outlines his plan to shrink the size of the federal government and give powers to the states “We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists”

Jefferson’s Inaugural Read take turns reading Jefferson’s first inaugural aloud At each break write the principle that Jefferson is speaking about in your notes

The Age of Jefferson Cutting the national debt Cut the federal bureaucracy Repeal taxes Cuts to the national budget Reducing the size of the military, retired most warships Known for political moderation Republican Vision of America “Republican Motherhood” Education- “Virtuous Citizen”

The Age of Jefferson Marked by a desire to push west Economy Native American groups resisted Jefferson continued to press on Creation of a vast reservation Sent federal agents to “civilize” Economy Based on agriculture Trade was primarily imports, yeoman farmer was the ideal citizen, and the government should work to his benefit over that of bankers, merchants, and manufacturers

Early Accomplishments Let the Alien and Sedition Acts expire Cut the size of the federal bureaucracy Used tariffs and the sale of Western lands to reduce the national debt

The Duality of Jefferson How do reconcile the ideals of the Declaration of Independence with the realities of Jefferson’s life? Video

The Age of Jefferson The Midnight Judges As John Adams left office he filled federal judgeships John Marshall****

Jefferson had James Madison refuse to give a commission to one of John Adams’ “midnight judges” Issue goes to the Supreme Court Establishes the concept of “Judicial Review” The Court may decide if a law is constitutional or not

Jefferson’s Foreign Policy The Barbary Wars The Barbary Pirates, North Africa, attacked American ships and demanded tributes be paid Jefferson sent the U.S.S. Constitution to blockade the Port of Tripoli Undeclared naval ensued Eventually the pirates signed a treaty ending the conflict

Jefferson’s Foreign Policy The Louisiana Territory was owned by France France is at war with G.B. Napoleon is attempting to conquer Europe France has lost control of other N. American possessions and Haiti Jefferson is interested in purchasing the territory Is it constitutional? Congress purchases in 1803 via treaty for $15 million The size of the U.S. doubles

The Age of Jefferson Lewis and Clark Expedition Lewis and Clark led the Corp of Discovery Set off from Camp Wood (outside of St. Louis) 2 year journey to the Pacific Detailed journals were kept about the journey Maps were made of the territory Interactions with Native Americans Plant and Animal life was recorded

Jefferson’s Foreign Policy The Embargo Act of 1807 The American Snapping Turtle G.B. and France continued to violate U.S. shipping rights by impressing American sailors To prevent this Jefferson signed the Embargo Act of 1807 Meant to stop the harassment only hurt American merchants and the domestic economy

Jefferson’s Legacy Jefferson’s protégé, James Madison succeeded him Renewed friendship with John Adams Both men died on the 50th Anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence Jefferson’s Paradox, Liberty v. Slavery