England’s 13 colonies
Motivations Colonists had many reasons for leaving Europe and coming to the New World. Space: lack of space in Europe to farm, especially in England. Stability: frustration with wars and rebellions that went on in Europe that made the region unstable. Wealth: Easy to make money and get rich quickly in America. Gold, iron ore, timber, wood Farmers in the south saw a chance to earn a lot by growing and selling tobacco. Religious Freedom: Religious differences between Catholics &Protestants caused many Protestants (Puritans, Quakers, Catholics, etc.) to move to the New World.
New England Colonies
New England Colonies Massachusetts Founded: 1620 Why? By the Pilgrims Landing at Plymouth Rock Massachusetts Founded: 1620 By the Pilgrims Why? Escape harsh treatment from the English (Religious Freedom)
New England Colonies Rhode Island Founded 1636 Why? By Roger Williams Opposed the “New England Way” & guaranteed religious freedom and separation of church and state.
New England Colonies Connecticut Founded in 1636 Why? By Thomas Hooker Puritans expanded settlement into a new colony.
New England Colonies New Hampshire Founded in 1622 Why? John Wheelwright New Hampshire Founded in 1622 By Ferdinando Gorges and John Mason Why? To profit from trade and fishing
Middle Colonies The Breadbasket Colonies
Middle Colonies Pennsylvania Founded in 1681 Why? By William Penn Penn’s Woods William Penn Pennsylvania Founded in 1681 By William Penn Why? Area where Quakers could live according to their beliefs.
Middle Colonies Delaware Fort Christina State Park Founded in 1638 By the Swedes and Finns (Fort Christina) later given to W. Penn Penn also granted land to Delaware Why? Religious Freedom and a better life.
Middle Colonies New York Founded in 1624 Why? New York (New Netherlands) Fort Orange New York Founded in 1624 By the Dutch (Dutch West Indies Company) Why? Make $$$$$$$$$$$$$
Middle Colonies New Jersey Founded in 1664 Why? Duke of York, George Carteret, & John Berkeley New Jersey Founded in 1664 By the Duke of York, George Carteret, & John Berkeley Why? Land given by the Duke; provided religious freedom, land grants & representative assembly.
Southern Colonies
Southern Colonies Virginia Founded in 1607 Why? Jamestown Virginia Founded in 1607 By the Virginia Company of London (English) Why? Make $$$$$$$$$ for the Virginia Company
Southern Colonies The Carolinas Founded in 1663 Why? By Proprietors ( Private Land Owners) Why? Religious Freedom, ability to make money off of the land farming.
Southern Colonies Georgia Founded in 1732 Why? By James Oglethorpe A refuge for debtors (One that owes something to another) Buffer against Spanish Florida
Southern Colonies Maryland Founded in 1632 Why? By Lord Baltimore A religious haven for Roman Catholics fleeing England.
North and South Carolina Became separate colonies in 1729. New Bern is capital of NC Charles Towne is capital of SC The Piedmont of both colonies was settled by Scots-Irish who travelled down the Great Wagon Road from Pennsylvania down into the backcountry. Scots-Irish: hearty, independent minded, Presbyterian, distrustful of the British.
III: The Economies of the 13 Colonies A: New England Colonies 2. Fishing 1. Shipbuilding B: The Middle Colonies - The Bread Basket 1. Farming- wheat, other staple crops for food C: Southern Colonies 1. Cash crops (grown for sale) a. tobacco b. rice c. indigo
IV: The Beginning of Slavery 1. Plantation system: large scale agriculture. More work than indentured servants could do. 3. Triangular Trade: the pattern of trade that developed among the Americas, Africa, and Europe. 4. The Middle Passage: Voyage from Africa to the Americas.
Triangular Trade beads, copper, cloth, hardware, guns and munitions Slaves traded for sugar, molasses, rum, and tobacco Slaves to work in Caribbean and America
The Middle Passage The leg of the trade between Africa and American colonies. Slaves were transported in below-human conditions. mortality rates were 12% or higher and were considered the “cost of the business”. The Middle Passage