U.S. History Review Part 2

Exploration and Colonization 3 G’s: God, Gold and Glory These led to the discovery of North American and eventually to colonization.

People Thomas Hooker: Puritan leader who founded Connecticut. Helped write the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut – known as the first written constitution in America William Penn: founder of Pennsylvania. He was a Quaker who provided religious freedom in his colony. Anne Hutchinson: Banished from Massachusetts Bay colony for holding meetings about her religious views and joined the colony of Rhode Island. Roger Williams: Founded Rhode Island. Promoted the separation of church and state and religious freedom.

Salutary Neglect A period of time during colonization that Great Britain avoided the strict enforcement of Parliamentary laws that were meant to keep the colonies obedient to the Crown.

mercantilism Profitable trading English trade policy that favored the flow of wealth from the colonies to the mother country. England controlled trade – raw materials from the colonies were shipped to the mother country; finished goods would leave England and were sold back to the colonies. It supported the idea that the colonies purpose was to make the mother country richer

Triangular trade Goods such as textiles, slat and firearms would leave Europe and go to West Africa. From Africa, slaves would be take to the West Indies and North America. From the Americas, goods such as rum, sure and tobacco would go back to Europe. Outline each trade route a different color Color Africa one color Color Europe another color Color North and South America a different color

Beginnings of self-government 1607 – Jamestown, Virginia was the first permanent English settlement. 1620 – Mayflower Compact. One of the first forms of Self-government in America. Pilgrims coming over on the Mayflower signed this document creating a Civil Body Politic. The Virginia House of Burgesses: First Representative Assembly in North America

Colonies: Why? Why did people go to America? Political: Social: Freedom from the Monarchy Weaken Spain in the Americas by establishing a presence there Social: Unemployment Second and third born sons looking for work adventure Economic: Joint-stock companies looking for money- making business ventures Mercantilism Own land Religious: Protestant Reformation – leaving the strict requirements of the Church of England

Slavery Need for cheap labor to help grow the cash crops in the south Southern Plantations The invention of the cotton gin in 1793 made it easier and cheaper to grow cotton – this required more slaves to grow it Slavery became a controversial issue as more territory was added to the U.S.

Comparison Massachusetts (New England) Rocky soil Trade and fishing Plymouth Jamestown Massachusetts (New England) Rocky soil Trade and fishing Cold, long winters; short summers Pilgrims - separatists Religious freedom Struggled in the environment Virginia (Southern Colony) Fertile soil Warm, long summers Joint-stock companies: settlement for economic reasons Religion important Struggled in the environment

New England colonies Massachusetts New Hampshire Connecticut Rhode Island Pilgrims and Puritans Deep harbors Cold, rocky soil Self-representation

Middle Atlantic Colonies New York Pennsylvania New Jersey Delaware Rich farmland “Breadbasket” Moderate climate Religious freedom trading Middle Atlantic Colonies

Southern colonies The 5 southern belles! Maryland Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Plantations Fertile soil Warm Maryland – Catholics Free from persecution Georgia - debtors Southern colonies The 5 southern belles!

French and Indian War British want French land in North America Indians and French vs. British and colonists Natives worried British would take over land – fought with the French Treaty of Paris 1763 – Ended the war

Proclamation Line of 1763 Appalachian Mountains Colonists couldn’t move west of the mountains Whole reason for the war – move west of the mountains and gain lands Angered colonists

Growth of Representative government Magna Carta – limited rights of the king – 1215 Virginia House of Burgesses – representative assembly - 1619 Mayflower Compact – Civil Body Politics – 1620 Fundamental Orders of Connecticut - 1639 English Bill of Rights – 1689 – guaranteed the rights of the English people