Lesson 1: Tensions over Slavery and popular sovereignty Unit 4: A Nation Divided Lesson 1: Tensions over Slavery and popular sovereignty Essential Question: How did rebellions, abolitionism, and failed compromises cause tension to rise in the United States in the early 1800s?

GPS Standard SSUSH 8: The student will explain the relationship between growing north-south divisions and westward expansion. Explain how slavery became a significant issue in American politics; include the slave rebellion of Nat Turner and the rise of abolitionism (William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass, and the Grimke sisters). Explain the Missouri Compromise and the issue of slavery in western states and territories. Explain how the Compromise of 1850 arose out of territorial expansion and population growth.

What does the North and South look like at this time? What are the noticeable differences b/t the North and the South? How might these tangible differences lead to larger issues?

Slavery and the Southern Economy The South was mainly agricultural with little manufacturing The main crops during the mid 1800s were rice and cotton, both of which required extensive labor to produce Though slavery was prevalent in the South, the majority of Southerners did not own slaves Image from: http://www.phschool.com/curriculum_support/taks/tan_1.cfm?unit=4

Slavery: The North and South and Westward Expansion -Most states had emancipated their slaves or outlawed slavery by 1800s -Didn’t want slavery to spread to the West -Opposed slavery for political, moral, or economic reasons South: -Southern farms dependent upon slave labor -Wanted to have power in Congress in order to expand Slavery Westward expansion continued to bring this issue forward: what do we do with new territories?

New Western Territory In 1819 the U.S. consisted of 11 free and 11 slave states Missouri applied for statehood as a slave state in 1819 To off set the imbalance, Maine applied for statehood as a free state The Missouri Compromise granted statehood to both No slavery above Missouri Compromise Line (36*30’ latitude) Temporary solution to slavery issue

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tgELv4aNHjQ&feature=email The link on the map is to the following video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tgELv4aNHjQ&feature=email

The fix worked…for 30 years Fast forward to 1849: CA gold rush causes CA to SOAR in population size. In 1849 CA applied for statehood as free state, causing a problem of unequal # of free and slave states again. But, the 36*30’ line won’t solve the problem as it cut CA in half

Compromise of 1850 The compromise: 1. California became free state 2. Slave trade ended in D.C. but could keep slaves they already had. 3. New Mexico and Utah territories could decide for themselves if they would be free or slave states. (Popular Sovereignty) 4. Fugitive Slave Act: Runaway slaves to free states must be returned to their owners. (Many Northerners refused to obey)

Early 1800s: Strengthening of the Abolition Movement As the political discussion of slavery became more intense, so did the social movement to end slavery Abolitionist: an individual who wants to end slavery Grimke Sisters: South Carolina sisters who moved north to promote the abolitionist movement William Lloyd Garrison became one of the country’s leading abolitionists, publishing the pro-abolitionist newspaper the Liberator. Fredrick Douglass, a former slave, published the newspaper the North Star and an autobiography Grimke Sisters

Nat Turner’s Revolt Slave Codes : restrictions on slaves, preventing them from learning to read and write Nat Turner, a Virginia slave and Preacher, believed God had chosen him to lead a revolt Turner and his followers killed more than 50 people before being caught Turner and 19 men hanged! Turner’s Revolt led to states passing even stricter codes and restrictions on slaves (no more slave ministers).

Exit Ticket – Answer these on your Warm-Ups Exit Ticket – Answer these on your Warm-Ups! I will check warm-up questions and exit questions this week! How did the Missouri Compromise temporarily settle the issue of expansion and slavery in the United States? Why was another compromise needed in 1850? What was the message of the abolition movement? After your exit questions, please work on your vocabulary.