1. Warm UP # 2
Describe how the different climates in the North and South causes significant differences in cultures and ways of life?

2. Compromise to Conflict: Crisis Unfolds
Missouri Compromise
Compromise of 1850
Kansas Nebraska Act
The Dred Scott Case

3. Essential Question:
How did the United States use legal action in the early 1800’s to attempt to settle the debate over the future of slavery in the growing American republic?

4. United States in 1819

5. Background: Missouri Compromise
In 1819 the union consisted of 11 free and 11 slave states
Admitting any new state, either slave or free, would upset the balance in the senate and touch off a struggle over slavery.
Missouri applies to become a state
Maine applies for statehood

6. Result: Missouri Compromise (1820)
Missouri - slave state
Maine - free state
Slavery prohibited in the Louisiana Territory north of the 36°30′ line.

7. Background: Compromise of 1850
There are now 15 slave states and 15 free states.
Gold is discovered in 1848, people head west
end of 1849 more than 80,000 “forty-niners” lived in California
In 1849 California applied to become a free state.

8. Result: Compromise of 1850 Key Points-
California admitted as free state
New Mexico & Utah - territories open to slavery
Slave trade abolished in Washington D.C.
Congress will be prohibited from interfering with the domestic slave trade.
Strengthen Fugitive Slave Law

9. Fugitive Slave Law Fugitive Slave Law Runaways returned to South
Runaways could be jailed without bail or jury trial
If helping a slave escape - fined or jailed
Slaves living in North are terrified
Opposition to law in North
Northerners will not enforce
Out of 10,000 slaves in North, only 299 were returned to South

11. Background and Result: Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854
Divide the territory in two: Kansas and Nebraska.
Both would be allowed to exercise Popular Sovereignty:
the citizens of each new territory should be allowed to decide for themselves if they wanted to permit slavery or not.
Gets rid of Missouri Compromise (36 30)

12. Bleeding Kansas People moved to Kansas to help determine free or slave
By 1856, Kansas had two governments – one pro-slavery and the other against.
Kansas became a battleground
By the end of 1856, 200 people had died and millions of dollars worth of property had been destroyed.

13. Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)

14. Background: Dred Scott Case 1857
Scott and his master lived in Missouri.
Scott’s master moved to Wisconsin, then moved back to Missouri.
Saying the time he spent in a free territory made him free, Scott sued and the case went to the Supreme Court.

15. Result: Dred Scott Case
Roger Taney – Chief Justice of SC that wrote the precedent
Scott had no right to sue because he was not a citizen
Slaves are considered property, therefore:
The United States Government could not prohibit slavery anywhere in the United States.
Southerners Thrilled
Northerners Outraged

16. Analysis
Citing evidence from these compromises and events, describe the tension between Northern and Southern States.
How could the tension between the states have been lessened? What would need to be done in order to avoid war?

17. Secession
The action of withdrawing formally from membership of a political state
1860 – Lincoln Elected
South Carolina secedes in December 1860
By February 1861: Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Florida, Texas, and Louisiana had left too
Form the Confederate States of America (Confederacy)

18. Secession
Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee and Arkansas joined April-June 1861

20. The two sides Union CONFEDERACY More factories and farms
More men [22 million…plus 800,000 immigrants]
More financial ability [3/4 $]
Controlled navy
But…
Not all supported fighting against slavery
Copperheads
Draft riots
Home turf
Thought cotton would provide wealth
More professional soldiers and officers
But…
Few factories
Only 6 million people
Cotton cut off by Union blockade
Some opposed war
West Virginia secedes 1862

21. War Begins
After the short video, you will need to be able to answer the following questions:
Explain the cause(s) of the Civil War.
Explain the factors that helped the Union win the Civil War.
Was the result of the Civil War a foregone conclusion?
Describe some of the turning points in the Civil War.