1. Slavery

2. “King Cotton” led to a huge growth in the African slave population
Slavery was not financially beneficial in the North
By the 1830s, all Northern states abolished slavery

3. Slave rebellions and escapes through the Underground Railroad became more common

4. In the 1830s, abolitionism (the desire to emancipate all slaves) grew radical
Abolition grew more popular in the North, but was seen as a threat to the “Southern way of life”

5. William Lloyd Garrison was America’s leading abolitionist
In the 1830s, abolitionism (the desire to emancipate all slaves) grew radical
Abolition grew more popular in the North, but was seen as a threat to the “Southern way of life”
William Lloyd Garrison was America’s leading abolitionist
His American Anti-Slave Society and The Liberator newsletter demanded the immediate end to slavery without payment to slave owners
Frederick Douglass was a runaway slave, popular anti-slavery speaker, and author of the North Star newsletter

6. By 1840, abolitionism was the most important of the antebellum social reforms
Arguments over slavery increased sectional tensions between North and South

7. William Lloyd Garrison
Most famous abolitionist
Published The Liberator; formed American Anti-Slavery Society
Immediate end to slavery
Burned Constitution; Argued for Northern secession

8. Abolitionist, former slave
Frederick Douglass
Abolitionist, former slave
“Slavery is wicked, a sin, violates liberty”
Helped runaway slaves
Published North Star
Advised President Lincoln

9. Southern women who moved North to become abolitionists
Grimke Sisters
Southern women who moved North to become abolitionists
Slavery is morally wrong
First women to speak to audiences with men (unladylike)
Threatened with jail if ever returned to South

10. White southerner who opposed slavery Wrote Impending Crisis
Hinton Helper
White southerner who opposed slavery
Wrote Impending Crisis
Slavery is bad because it kept most whites poor & hurt the South
Racist against blacks; argued for segregation

11. Supporter of slavery; “positive good” theory
John C. Calhoun
Supporter of slavery; “positive good” theory
States, not the national government, should decide if slavery should exist
Southern “way of life”
States should defy anti- slavery laws

12. Southern aristocrat who supported slavery Slaves are “inferior”
George Fitzhugh
Southern aristocrat who supported slavery
Slaves are “inferior”
Slavery is better than Northern cruelty towards factory workers
Slaves were “better off” in America than Africa