UNIT 10 – THE GREAT WAR CHAPTER 29 THE GREAT WAR

CHAPTER 29 The Great War, 1914–1918 SECTION 1 Marching Toward War Several factors lead to World War I, a conflict that devastates Europe and has a major impact on the world. Allied soldiers climbing over trenches on first day of the costly Battle of the Somme (July 1, 1916). SECTION 1 Marching Toward War SECTION 2 Europe Plunges into War SECTION 3 A Global Conflict SECTION 4 A Flawed Peace

OBJECTIVES CORE OBJECTIVE: Analyze the causes and effects of World War I. Objective 10.1: Summarize the events that set World War I in motion. THEME: At the beginning of the 20th century, a terrible war begins in Europe that will claim over 8 million lives.

CHAPTER 29 SECTION 1 MARCHING TOWARD WAR In Europe, military buildup, nationalistic feelings, and rival alliances set the stage for a continental war.

THE BALKAN PENINSULA

However, the main causes of the war existed long before 1914. THE POWDER KEG An assassination will start WWI. However, the main causes of the war existed long before 1914.

CAUSES OF WWI Militarism WRITE THIS DOWN! Militarism Mutual animosity spurs European countries to engage in arms race Militarism — policy of glorifying military power, preparing army Alliances In a complicated system of alliances, different groups of European nations had pledged to come to one another’s aid in the event of attack. Imperialism Competition for colonies stirs mistrust among European nations Nationalism #1: One type of nationalism inspired the great powers of Europe to act in their own interests. EX: gaining land to feel powerful #2: Another emerged as ethnic minorities within larger nations sought self-government. EX: Serbia wants to merge with Bosnia for an empire.

RISING TENSIONS The Rise of Nationalism Germany Unifies WRITE THIS DOWN! The Rise of Nationalism Europe enjoys peace in late 1800s but problems lie below surface Growing nationalism leads to competition among nations Nationalism in the Balkans leads many groups to demand independence Germany Unifies Under Otto von Bismark, the German Empire is created (1871) after the Franco-Prussian War. Germany takes the territory Alsace-Lorraine from France. The ‘Iron Chancellor’ Otto von Bismarck focused on maintaining cordial relations with the other European powers.

THE TRIPLE ENTENTE Germany’s Otto von Bismarck works to keep peace in Europe after 1871 Believes France wants revenge for loss in 1870 Franco-Prussian War Kaiser Wilhelm II becomes German ruler in 1888; Policy shifted to aggressive expansion. Foreign policy changes begin in 1890 with dismissal of Bismarck alliance with Russia dropped; Russia then allies with France effort to strengthen German navy, which alarms Britain In response: Britain, France, Russia form Triple Entente alliance in 1907 WRITE THIS DOWN!

ALLIANCES LEAD TO WWI Austrian-Hungarian Empire controlled several ethic groups. Many groups in Balkans win independence during early 1900s New nation of Serbia made up largely of Slavs Serbian nationalists wanted to unite Serbs who lived in the Austrian-Hungarian Empire with Serbia. Austria-Hungary annexes Slavic region Bosnia and Herzegovina (1908) Serbia outraged, sees itself as rightful ruler of these Slavic lands Saravejo

Member of the Black Hand, a Serbian nationalists group FRANZ FERDINAND WRITE THIS DOWN! The immediate event sparking the Great War was the assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand in Sarajevo, Bosnia, on June 28, 1914. More Info: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BCTIaiiGB4o Member of the Black Hand, a Serbian nationalists group Garvillo Princip, a Serbian nationalist assassinated the Archduke. He was trying to gain allowances for his fellow Serbs who lived under Austrian rule. Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his family. Archduke was heir to the throne in the Austrian Hungarian Empire. His assassination June 28, 1914 eventually led to WWI.

ENTANGLING ALLIANCES When Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, the complex alliance system in Europe drew much of the continent into the conflict.

WAR SPARKED WRITE THIS DOWN! At the time of his assassination, Francis Ferdinand, heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, had been visiting Bosnia, a new Austro-Hungarian province. Convinced that Serbia was behind the assassination, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia on July 28, 1914. Russia, as Serbia’s protector, began mobilization, or the readying of troops for war. Germany, an ally of Austria declares war on Russia on August 1. France, Russia’s ally will join the war a few days later. Britain will join by the end of August. Germany and Austria-Hungary formed the Central Powers Russia, France, Serbia, and Great Britain were called the Allies.

The War in Europe, 1914–1918 WWI - HOW DID IT START? When Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, the complex alliance system in Europe drew much of the continent into the conflict. WWI - HOW DID IT START? https://www.youtub e.com/watch?v=njI NCi9iIrA

The Road to War Assessment What region was referred to as the “powder keg” of Europe? The Middle East Alsace-Lorraine Austria-Hungary The Balkan Peninsula Which German leader united the German states after the 1871 Franco-Prussian War? Otto von Bismark Nicholas II Kaiser Wilhelm II Vladimir Lenin

The Road to War Assessment What region was referred to as the “powder keg” of Europe? The Middle East Alsace-Lorraine Austria-Hungary The Balkan Peninsula Which German leader united the German states after the 1871 Franco-Prussian War? Otto von Bismark Nicholas II Kaiser Wilhelm II Vladimir Lenin