1. Chapter 13 Section 1 Notes
Marching Toward War

2. Rising Tensions in Europe
Europe coming off roughly 30 yrs. of peace
Growing sense of nationalism will add to list of causes
Will lead to competition in all aspects(trade, imperialism, treaties, * military)
Europe's list of great powers in the 20th century: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Great Britain, Russia, France, and Italy

3. Imperialism will be another driving factor towards war
Constant competition for colonies will lead to multiple skirmishes that will add up over time and resentment will manifest
Rise of the arms race(larger military = stronger nation)
By 1914 all these listed nations had an extremely powerful military AND had the ability to quickly mobilize

4. Physical plans for attack and mobilization will be drawn up in each country
Militarism- the policy of glorifying military power and keeping an army prepared for war
The larger the army the more patriotic citizens felt

5. Tangled Alliances
This competition and hatred over rivalries will lead to alliances between the great powers
Was designed to keep the peace but will actually be one of the driving forces towards war
Prussia’s Otto von Bismarck will use war to unify Germany
Believes that France is a threat to his nation

6. Felt the French were still bitter ovber the Franco-Prussian War and that they wanted revenge
His 1st goal was to isolate France
In 1879 Bismarck will form the duel alliance between Germany and Austria Hungary
3 years later Italy will join which creates the Triple Alliance
In 1881 Bismarck will also make a treaty with Russia

7. Then in 1890 Kaiser Wilhelm II will force Bismarck to resign
He believed that power should be shared with no one. Was eager to show off German military strength
Will let Germany’s treaty with Russia fail and in response Russia will form an alliance with France
War with one will immediately cause war with the other causing a war on 2 fronts

8. Wilhelm II will begin to build a new navy that could match the Royal British Navy
In doing this it will cause Great Britain to create an alliance with France
In 1907 Britain made another entente (informal alliance) with Russia
These 3 will be known as the Triple Entente
This did not mean Great Britain would fight in a war for France and Russia but it did mean Britain would not fight against them

9. Crisis in the Balkans
By the 1900’s the Ottoman Empire was very weak. Multiple groups will split off from the Empire and establish their own countries (Greece, Romania, Serbia)
Each new country felt the pride of nationalism and wanted to extend its borders.
In the case of Serbia, Russia had supported them due to the fact that they both were Slavic and that Serbia wanted to create a purely Slavic state

10. This will anger Austria Hungary because they felt that efforts to recreate a Slavic state would encourage its own Slavic population to rebel
In response in 1908 Austria-Hungary will annex(take over) Bosnia & Herzegovina which had large Slavic populations
Serbia planned to do this, became outraged!
Tension will build over the next few years and each country vowed to destroy any efforts the other would make at claiming these 2 lands.

11. A Shot Rings Throughout Europe
Archduke Franz Ferdinand next in line for Austro-Hungarian throne
On June 28, 1914 He and his wife visit Sarajavo, the capital of Bosnia
They will both be shot at point blank range as they rope through the streets in an open car
Killer was Gavrilo Princip a 19 Serbian member of the Black Hand(secret society committed to ending Austro-Hungarian rule in Bosnia)

12. Because the assassin was Serbian it gave Austria an excuse to punish Serbia
On July 23 Austria-Hungary presented Serbia with an ultimatum knowing that if they did not accept it, it would lead to war.
Serbia would agree to most of these demands
Austria then rejected the offer to comply by Serbia and on July 28 will declare war on Serbia

13. That same day Russia jumped in and mobilized their troops along the Austrian border
Many foreign nations urged Russia and Austria-Hungary to negotiate but the damage had been done and therefore a world wide war like no other will begin in that moment