1. Chapter 13 Section 1 Marching Toward War
Objective: Analyze the factors & events that led to World War I
Vocabulary: Militarism, Triple Alliance, Kaiser Wilhelm II, & Triple Entente
New: Is war ever justified? (Explain your reasoning)

2. Setting the Stage
The nations of Europe had been largely at peace with one another for nearly 30 years
By 1900, hundreds of peace organizations were active & Europeans believed progress made war a thing of the past
However, less than a decade later a massive war would engulf Europe & spread across the world
What was the last thing we learned about that had most of the European nations at war with each other? Hint – Think about a short man who quickly rose to power.

3. Rising Tensions in Europe
Nationalism: belief that people should be loyal mainly to their nation/country
Nationalism served as a unifying force within a country
It caused intense competition among nations, with each seeking to overpower the other
These competitions were over materials, markets, & territories
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, & France
Olympics

4. Imperialism
Nations of Europe competed fiercely for colonies in Africa & Asia
Sometimes it pushed European nations to the brink of war
As European countries continued to compete for overseas empires, their sense of rivalry & mistrust of one another deepened

5. Check for Understanding
With this mistrust of other countries, if a neighboring country starts building up a strong army & navy, what are you going to do?
Sentence Starter: I would ___________ because __________________________________.

6. Militarism
The nations of Europe believed that to be truly great, they needed to have a powerful military
Military experts believed countries needed plans to mobilize & organize & move troops quickly in case of a war
Militarism: policy of glorifying military power & keeping a standing army always prepared for war
If you run a country and your neighboring country starts to build up a huge army, what are you going to do?

7. Tangled Alliances
Growing rivalries & mistrust led to the creation of several military alliances among the Great Powers
Alliances were meant to keep peace among the Great Powers in Europe but instead it pushed the continent to war
Otto von Bismarck, Prussia’s chancellor, used war to unify Germany
Bismarck saw France as a threat & wanted to isolate them
Bismarck formed the Triple Alliance – military alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, & Italy in the years preceding World War I
Bismark declared Germany a “satisfied power” & turned his attention to making sure there was peace in Europe
Bismark believed France would be upset due to their defeat in the Franco-Prussian War.
Signed a treaty with Russia

8. Shifting Alliances Threaten Peace
Kaiser Wilhelm II – German emperor
Wilhelm forced Bismarck to resign because he didn’t want to share power with anyone
Wilhelm allowed his peace treaty with Russia to expire & Russia immediately signed an alliance with France
This would make Germany fight a two front war on both its eastern & western boarders
Bismark was the only one knew how the alliance system would hold up

9. Shifting Alliances Threaten Peace
Wilhelm started to make the German navy equal to Britain’s fleet
Alarmed, Britain formed an entente “alliance” with France
Triple Entente – military alliance between Great Britain, France, & Russia in the years preceding World War I
With two rival alliances in Europe, a dispute between two rival powers could draw all European nations into war

12. Crisis in the Balkans
With a long history of nationalist uprisings & ethnic clashes, the Balkans was known as the “powder keg” of Europe
Nationalism was a powerful force in the Balkans
Serbia hoped to absorb all the Slavic people in the Balkans into one nation
Russia supported Serbian nationalism
Austria-Hungary opposed Serbian nationalism because they feared it would stir rebellion among their Slavic population
Create on nation of Slavic people

13. A Restless Region In 1908, Austria annexed Bosnia & Herzegovina
Serbian leaders who wanted control over this region were outraged
Tensions between Serbia & Austria continued to rise
Austria-Hungary vowed to crush any Serbian effort to undermine its authority in the Balkans
What does annexed mean?

14. A Shot Rings Throughout Europe
Heir to the Austro- Hungarian throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand & his wife Sophia visited Bosnia
It was state visit to the capital of Bosnia, Sarajevo
On June 28, 1914, the royal couple were shot & killed by Serbian member of the Black Hand – Gavrilo Princip
The Black Hand was a secret society committed to ridding Bosnia of Austrian rule
Their car route was published beforehand, several different assassins were stationed all along the route.
Gavrilo Princip found him by luck

15. A Shot Rings Throughout Europe
Since the assassin was Serbian, Austria decided to use the murders as an excuse to punish Serbia
Austria presented Serbia with an ultimatum with numerous demands
Serbia knew that refusing the ultimatum would lead to war
Serbia agreed to most of the demands however, Austria rejected Serbia’s offer of negotiation & declared war
Other countries urged Austria & Russia to negotiate
Serbia’s ally Russia, mobilized against Austria