UNIT 6: THE PROGRESSIVE ERA

DuBois v. Washington Booker T. Washington W.E.B. DuBois- Tuskegee Institute Gradual improvement Vocational training Economic equality 1st Atlanta Compromise- Could cooperate on economic measures and still be separate in social issues W.E.B. DuBois- 1st Harvard grad Full rights now-equality Education Niagara Falls Convention Helps found NAACP

Progressives Emerge Prior reforms Services? Goals Grange/Populists Suffragists Temperance Wealth Gap Services? Goals Social welfare Moral improvements Economic reform Efficiency

Progressivism Some fear Socialism “Ideal society” Debs- American Socialist Party I.W.W. Progressives are middle class mostly Want “Progress” Remember “Social Gospel” Help less fortunate Religious groups, salvation army Opposite of Social Darwinism

Muckrakers Journalists who expose corruption in govt. and society Ida Tarbell- Standard Oil Upton Sinclair- The Jungle Lincoln Steffins- business and govt. corruption

The Jungle- Upton Sinclair

Progressive Reforms Commission and Manager Governments Better public interests and utilities Voting Reforms Initiative- citizens start own law Referendum- vote on that law or existing one Recall-remove an elected official 17th Amendment- Direct Election of Senators Robert M. La Follete- busted up businesses and regulated railroads

Other Reforms Women Some states allowed suffrage Protests Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucy Stone Inequality in economics Other reforms: Workers’ comp Child Labor Women’s working conditions- Oregon v. Muller Meat Packing-FDA-Sinclair Building codes

Other Reforms Income Tax Established- 16th amendment Prohibition- 18th amendment Volstead Act WCTU- Women’s Christian Temperance Movement Carrie Nation

Roosevelt as a Progressive Rose steadily Spanish-American War Gov. of NY VP for McKinley President when McKinley assassinated Square Deal Fair for all “Bully Pulpit”- protector of the people Square deal would fix society

1902 Coal Strike- Workers refused to work, but strike threatens nation TR arbitrates- sets example of President mediating conflicts Trust-busting TR believes in good and bad trusts Trusts control 80% of industry Several trusts broken- Sherman Anti-Trust law RR regulation- Northern Securities v. U.S. Meat Inspection Act 1906- leads to Pure Food and Drug Act- FDA “The Jungle”

Conservation Industry sucking resources Pollution TR establishes National Parks Sets aside large portions of land Gifford Pinchot Development of land for common good TR and progressive ignore civil rights DuBois v. Washington

Taft takes over TR- (R) serves 2 terms William Howard Taft replaces him Does not use “bully pulpit” Dollar Diplomacy Taft breaks 2x as many trusts as the “Trustbuster” TR Tries to lower tariffs *Fires Gifford Pinchot over dispute over Government lands (Conservation) Progressive and Conservative parts of Party fight Republicans lose HOR TR decides to come back run for a 3rd term in 1912 against Taft

Bull Moose Party Roosevelt forms own party Progressive Party/ Bull Moose Promises a “New Nationalism” Federal powers to expand and protect the public Supports progressive reforms Taft vs. TR vs. Debs vs. Woodrow Wilson Wilson promises a New Freedom Fight 4 privileges: wealth, banks, tariffs, trusts, Small business over monopolies

1912 election New Nationalism - Roosevelt New Freedom- Wilson Conservatism- Taft Socialism- Debs TR and Taft split votes Wilson wins election with only 42% of popular vote

1912 Election

1912 election

Wilson- New Freedom Wilson pledges to fight evils Trusts, poverty, disease, corruption Will address Congress in person (1st since Madison) Tariffs and Taxes Lowers tariffs- 1st time since Civil War Underwood Tariff Income Tax added 16th Amendment-Progressive Main revenue source

Federal Reserve Wants Govt. to control $ supply Reform would remove this from power from banking trusts Sets up 12 national banks- 1 Main Bank Still around today Federal Trade Commission (FTC) 1914 created to investigate and regulate unfair business practices Clayton Anti-Trust Act Strengthens Sherman Law Protects Unions

The Fed

Suffrage Susan B. Anthony Carrie Chapman Catt Presidents of NAWSA Protests become militant/ persistent Women’s role in WW I help them 19th amendment passed- 72 yrs after Seneca Falls Progressivism Ends due to WW I African-Americans still ignored Laissez-Fair had faded

Birth of a Nation/ The Clansman