The Integumentary System Chapter 12 The Integumentary System

Overview of Structures, Combining Forms, and Functions © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Skin Primary Functions Related Combining Forms First line of defense for the immune system. Waterproofs the body. Major receptor for the sense of touch. Related Combining Forms cutane/o dermat/o, derm/o albin/o Bi/o Myc/o Seb/o

The Epidermis Our outer protective layer Outermost layer has no blood vessels and relys on lower layers for nourishment Made of several tissues Squamous tissue Keratin: soft = skin, hard=nails and hair Melanocytes – give us our color and protects from UV rays.

Dermis AKA corium Living tissue below the epidermis Where we feel touch (tactile) and sensation Tissues include: Collagen – fibrous protein, the “glue” Mast cells – in case of injury to release: Heparin Histamine

The subcutaneous layer Adipose tissue – fat Cellulite – non-technical term for fat deposits Lipocytes – other fat cells

Structures of the Skin

Sebaceous Glands Primary Functions Related Combining Form Secrete sebum (oil) to lubricate the skin. Discourage the growth of bacteria on the skin. Related Combining Form seb/o

Sweat and Sebaceous Glands

Sweat Glands Primary Functions Related Combining Form Secrete sweat to regulate body temperature and water content. Excrete some metabolic waste. Related Combining Form hidr/o

Hair Primary Function Related Combining Forms Aids in controlling the loss of body heat. Related Combining Forms pil/i, pil/o

Nails Primary Function Related Combining Forms Protect the dorsal surface of the last bone of each finger and toe. Related Combining Forms onych/o ungu/o

Structures of the Fingernails and Toenails

Medical Specialties related to the Integumentary System

Medical Specialists Dermatoligist – a physician specializing in diagnostic and treatment of disorders associated with the skin. Cosmetic Surgeon – AKA plastic surgeon, specializing in restoration and reconstruction (plastic = plasty, or to repair)

Pathology of the Integumentary System

Sebaceous Glands Acne vulgaris Comedo – leads to blackheads Sebaceous cysts – fat pocket Seborrheic dermatitis – dandruff Seborrheic keratosis – benign skin tumors found in the elderly

Sweat Glands Anhidrosis – no sweat Hyperhidrosis – excessive sweat Diaphoresis – profuse sweating Miliaria – heat rash

Heat Rash

Hair Hirsutism – excessive hair Alopecia – baldness Areata – specific areas of no hair Capitis – all hair on the scalp Universalis – whole body Dyschromia – discoloration of the skin Melanosis – black spots Vitiligo – white spots

Surface Lesions Contusion - bruise Crust – dried cellular debris Ecchymosis – bleeding within skin Macule – flat spot Nevi – moles Nodule – solid bump Papule – ex: skin tag Plaque – several meanings Verrucae – warts

Fluid-filled lesions Abscess – localized collection of pus Bulla – larger abscess Cyst – closed sac of semi-solid fluid Pustule – large pimple Vesicle – small blister

Lesions through the skin Abrasion – friction or rubbing surface Fissure – groove or crack Laceration – deeper tear in skin Puncture – penetrating wound Ulcer – erosion of skin

General skin conditions Dermatitis – inflammation of the skin Eczema – chronic scaling and crusting Lupus – autoimmune skin disorder Psoriasis – silvery scales typically on elbows and knees, also autoimmune Urticaria - hives

Bacterial skin infections Carbuncle – a cluster of boils Cellulitis – layers of inflammation Gangrene – tissue death Impetigo – contagious bacterial infection Anthrax – caused by anthrax bacteria

Fungal Infections Tinea – caused by tinea fungus Athletes foot Jock itch Ringworm Dermatmycosis – tinea versicolor

Parasitic infestations Scabies – mite transferred by intimate contact Pediculosis Head lice Crab lice

Skin growths Callus – thickening of skin Granulation tissue – beginning of a scab Keloid – raised scar Polyp – growth in a mucus membrane Skin tags – benign growth that tends to enlarge with age

Skin cancer Basal cell carcinoma Epithelioma Malignant melanoma Squamous cell carcinoma

A B C D

Burns Caused by heat, flame, sun, or chemicals Rule of nines More than 15 % is considered serious

Diagnostic Procedures of the Integumentary System Biopsy

Animations © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Click to play animation The Skin [Insert Skin animation] Click to play animation

Click to play animation Burns [Insert Burns animation] Click to play animation

Answers to Learning Exercises © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Chapter 12 Answers Matching Word Parts 1 12.1. bi/o 12.2. urtic/o 12.3. erythr/o 12.4. hidr/o 12.5. rhytid/o Matching Word Parts 2 12.6. melan/o 12.7. lip/o 12.8. kerat/o 12.9. pedicul/o 12.10. dermat/o

Chapter 12 Answers Matching Word Parts 3 12.11. xer/o 12.12. myc/o 12.13. hirsut/o 12.14. onych/o 12.15. seb/o Definitions 12.16. cellulitis 12.17. dysplastic nevi 12.18. alopecia areata 12.19. hematoma 12.20. diaphoresis

Chapter 12 Answers Definitions 12.21. cicatrix 12.22. bulla 12.23. debridement 12.24. second-degree 12.25. verrucae Matching Structures 12.26. keratin 12.27. unguis 12.28. sebaceous glands 12.29. mammary glands 12.30. dermis

Chapter 12 Answers Which Word? 12.31. onychocryptosis 12.32. impetigo 12.33. laceration 12.34. basal cell 12.35. necrotizing fasciitis Spelling Counts 12.36. psoriasis 12.37. eczema 12.38. abscess 12.39. onychia 12.40. scleroderma

Chapter 12 Answers Abbreviation Identification Term Selection 12.41. basal cell carcinoma 12.42. incision and drainage 12.43. lupus erythematosus 12.44. malignant melanoma 12.45. squamous cell carcinoma Term Selection 12.46. granuloma 12.47. pediculosis corporis 12.48. erythema 12.49. scales 12.50. carbuncle

Chapter 12 Answers Sentence Completion 12.51. purulent 12.52. onychomycosis 12.53. gangrene 12.54. melanosis 12.55. urticaria Word Surgery 12.56. rhytid, -ectomy 12.57. onych/o, myc, -osis 12.58. follicul, -itis 12.59. prurit, -us 12.60. ichthy, -osis

Chapter 12 Answers True/False 12.61. True 12.62. False 12.63. True Clinical Conditions 12.66. sclerotherapy 12.67. albinism 12.68. hematoma 12.69. abrasion 12.70. petechiae

Chapter 12 Answers Clinical Conditions 12.71. scabies 12.72. Mohs surgery 12.73. blepharoplasty 12.74. abscess 12.75. sleep hyperhidrosis Which Is the Correct Medical Term? 12.76. paronychia 12.77. comedo 12.78. psoriasis 12.79. koilonychia 12.80. nevi

Chapter 12 Answers Challenge Word Building 12.81. onychomalacia 12.82. hypohidrosis 12.83. rhinoplasty 12.84. onychoma 12.85. melanopathy 12.86. onychectomy 12.87. anonychia 12.88. dermatopathy 12.89. mycosis 12.90. melanodermatitis

Chapter 12 Answers Labeling Exercises 12.91. cyst 12.92. pustule 12.93. vesicle 12.94. bulla 12.95. ulcer 12.96. epidermis 12.97. dermis 12.98. subcutaneous 12.99. sebaceous 12.100. sweat