1. INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
JOSE A.S. SANTIAGO M.D.

2. The Skin Largest organ of the body Two layers Epidermis Dermis
Subcutaneous layer-hypodermis
Not part of skin

3. The Skin

4. Epidermis Outer layer of the skin
Consists of epithelial tissue(epithelium)
No blood vessels or nerves

5. Epidermis Melanocytes-cells that produce melanin
Melanin-pigment responsible for skin color

6. Epidermis Keratinocytes-cells that produce keratin
Keratin-protein found in hairs, nails,palms and soles of feet

7. Dermis Connective tissue
Contains hair follicles, blood vessels, nerves, and glands
Thermoregulation
Four types of cells:
Fibroblasts
Macrophages Mast Cells
Plasma Cells

8. Subcutaneous Tissue Not part of skin
Connects dermis to the muscles and organs below
Fatty tissue
Insulates structures from temperature extremes

9. Related Organs Hair Nails Glands Sebaceous glands-produce sebum
Sudoriferous glands-produce sweat
Ceruminous glands-produce cerumen

10. Additional Roots Cry/o cold Leuk/o white Papill/o nipple-like
Scler/o hardening
Xer/o dry

11. Additional Suffixes -ism process -ium; -um structure
-sis state of; condition

12. Roots
Albin/o white
Albinism –lack of pigment in the skin,hair and eyes

13. Roots
Adip/o fat
Adipose –pertaining to fat

14. Roots
Bi/o life
Skin biopsy-piece of skin is removed for microscopic examination

15. Roots
Cutane/o skin
Subcutaneous –pertaining to under the skin

16. Roots
Cyan/o - blue
Cyanotic-bluish discoloration of the skin

17. Roots
Derm/o; dermat/o- skin
Dermatitis-inflammation of the skin

18. Roots
Diaphor/e - profuse sweating
Diaphoresis

19. Roots Epitheli/o- covering
Epithelium-covering of internal and external surfaces of the body

20. Roots
Erythemat/o; erythr/o- red
Erythematous-redness of the skin

21. Roots
Hidr/o- sweat
Hyperhidrosis-excessive sweating

22. Roots Kerat/o; keratin/o- hard; hornlike
Hyperkeratosis-excessive growth of outer layer of the skin

23. Roots
Lip/o- fat
Lipoma-tumor containing fat

24. Roots
Melan/o -black
Melanocyte-cell that produces melanin

25. Roots
Myc/o -fungus
Onychomycosis-fungal infection of the nail

26. Roots
Onych/o - nail
Onychomycosis-fungal infection of the nail

27. Roots
Necr/o -death
Necrotic tissue-dead tissue

28. Roots
Pil/o -hair
Pilosebaceous-hair follicle and sebaceous gland

29. Roots
Ras/o -scrape
Abrasion-scraping of the outer surface of injured skin

30. Roots
Rhytid/o -wrinkle
Rhytidectomy-removal of wrinkles; facelift

31. Roots
Seb/o -sebum
Seborrhea-increased discharge of sebum

32. Roots
Ungu/o -nail
Periungual-around the nail

33. Prefix
Py/o -pus
Pyoderma-pus producing disease of the skin

34. Suffixes
-oma tumor; mass
Hemangioma-tumor of blood vessels

35. Suffix
-derma -skin
Pyoderma-pus producing disease of the skin

36. Suffixes
-dermis; -derma skin
Leukoderma-white patches in the skin

37. Suffixes
-dermis; -derma: skin Scleroderma-hardening of the skin

38. Suffixes
-dermis; -derma: skin Xeroderma-drying of the skin

39. Aging Collagen breakdown Decrease of keratinocytes and melanocytes
Decrease production of sebaceous glands
Irregular production of melanin
Hair follicles less productive

40. Burns
Burn- destruction of skin by heat, chemicals, electricity, or radiation
Classification of Burns
First-degree burn- involves epidermis
Ex.: sunburn

41. Burns
Second-degree burn (partial-thickness burn)- involves epidermis and upper-portion of the dermis; erythema

42. Burns
Third-degree burn (Full-thickness burn) –involves the epidermis and all of the dermis; skin is black and charred

43. Burns
Fourth-degree burn – involves skin and muscle

44. Rule of Nine in Burns

45. Major complications of burns
Infection- bacteria easily enter the body because of skin destruction Shock- loss of fluid leads to a drop in blood-pressure Toxicity- toxins released from burned skin are poisonous to the body

46. Treatment for burns
1.Debridement- removal of dead or burned skin 2.Skin grafting- skin transplant for major burns 3.Application of ointment for minor burns

47. Skin Cancer
Melanoma- tumor arising from melanocytes

48. Skin Cancer
Carcinoma- tumor arising from epithelial cells

49. Skin Cancer
Sarcoma- tumor arising from connective tissue

50. Abbreviations
Bx biopsy
SC, subq, subcut subcutaneous
UV ultraviolet

51. THANK YOU