Respiration and Photosynthesis Chemical Reactions that Transfer Energy from one Form to Another

Nutrition and Metabolism Cells need energy and nutrients for… Synthesis, growth, repair, locomotion, raw materials, and fuel The taking in of nutrients is called ingestion The breaking down of nutrients is called digestion Building blocks are absorbed into cells Animals and Fungi perform heterotrophic nutrition Plants and algae perform autotrophic nutrition

Nutrition Organisms take in nutrients for: Growth – in size and number of cells Repair – making new cells to replace damaged ones Synthesis – building of more molecules Energy – fuel to make ATP A. ingestion: taking in of food B. Digestion: breaking down of food Nutrients must be broken down into smaller parts so that they can be absorbed into the blood and cells Starches are digested into simple sugars Proteins are digested into amino acids

Autotrophic Nutrition Organisms take in inorganic materials (CO2 & H2O) and covert them into organic nutrients (Glucose). Auto = self troph = food autotroph = self feeder What process does this? Photosynthesis Example of organisms that are autotrophic are: Plants, algae and some bacteria

Heterotrophic nutrition Organisms must take in nutrients made by other organisms. Hetero=other troph=food heterotroph= other eater Examples of heterotrophs are: animals,fungi,some bacteria Carnivores: animals that eat animals Herbivores: animals that eat plants Omnivores: animals that eat both animals and plants Decomposers: fungi or bacteria that eat dead material

Photosynthesis Formula CO2 + H2O + light C6H12O6 + O2 Carbon Dioxide + water + light glucose +oxygen Photosynthesis traps the sun’s energy into chemical bond energy of glucose (a simple sugar). A. Requires CO2, H2O and light B. Makes glucose (sugar) which is used for food. C. waste product produced is oxygen Benefits: Provides food for all organisms in the food chain Provides oxygen to breathe Removes CO2 from the atmosphere

Plant Adaptations Chloroplast: organelle that performs photosynthesis Gas Exchange Stomates: pores under a leaf which let gases in and out Guard cells: open and close to prevent water loss Xylem and Phloem: pipes which transport water and food through the plant

Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O + ATP Glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water + ATP(energy) Cellular respiration takes energy from sugar molecules and places it in molecules of ATP a. ATP is the molecule all life uses for energy. Cells cannot get energy from the sun or from glucose. b. requires glucose and oxygen. c. waste products produced are CO2 and H2O d. Aerobic respiration uses oxygen in the mitochondria. e. Anaerobic respiration does not use oxygen but gives less ATP per glucose molecule. When you exercise a lot, your muscles can run out of oxygen and their cells need to do anaerobic respiration. This produces Lactic Acid which causes muscles to “burn” so that you will stop!!

Photosynthesis and Respiration are opposite reactions! Sun’s energy converted to ATP