BELLWORK: 5/16 Define self-determination. Read about “South Africa” and their independence on pgs. 709-710 and answer the following: Describe how South Africa was governed post-WWII. Define apartheid. List five ways the South African government enforced apartheid. Who was Nelson Mandela? List three things that contributed to the end of apartheid. (715)

De-Colonization Post-WWII (1945-1994) Dismantlement of colonial empires established pre-WWI European powers withdrawal from their colonies giving them political and economic independence WWII emphasized the problems with ruling an empire (cost, oppression, military); made all nations realize the importance of independence.

Apartheid in South Africa (1970-1994) Post-WWII: governed by a white minority (British or Afrikaner) Apartheid: policy of white supremacy that legalized racial separation between blacks and whites

Apartheid in South Africa (1970-1994) Nelson Mandela: black nationalist  prison  symbol for struggle Outcome: under protest & pressure from foreign powers South Africa ended apartheid & elections held in 1994

REVIEW https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S7yvnUz2PLE

Discussion THINKER: Think back to last semester – how was society in India organized? To learn more about India’s struggle for Independence and Gandhi, you will read pgs. 577-579;692 and complete the wkst.

India’s Struggle for Independence India was controlled by Great Britain until 1947. Divided racially (whites vs. Indians) and religiously (Hinds vs. Muslims vs. Christians) Great Britain forced assimilation, required high taxes (salt), restricted rights, and ruled through violence Gandhi worked with the Indians to fight for independence using methods of peace (boycotts/protests/nonviolent resistance  satyagraha) These peaceful ideas influenced others, like Martin Luther King Jr., to confront injustice with nonviolent methods.=

India’s Struggle for Independence Post-WWII: India struggled for independence from Britain

Gandhi led a nonviolent movement for self-government and for greater tolerance of social and religious groups

Civil Disobedience: refusal to obey laws considered unjust; rejected Western civilization, their worship of money, and prejudice attitudes towards non-Western people

Religious Conflict: Hindus vs. Muslims Outcome: Create a separate Hindu-India and Muslim-Pakistan

Crash Course Review: Decolonization https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T_sGTspaF4Y

Review List the similarities/differences between the decolonization of South Africa and India.