The Age of Imperialism (1800–1914) Lesson 5 China and the West

The Age of Imperialism (1800–1914) Lesson 5 China and the West Learning Objectives Describe how Westerners tried to gain trade rights in China. Explain how reformers tried to strengthen China. Understand why the Qing dynasty fell.

The Age of Imperialism (1800–1914) Lesson 5 China and the West Key Terms balance of trade trade surplus, trade deficit Opium War. indemnity, extraterritoriality, Taiping Rebellion Sino-Japanese War. Open Door Policy, Guang Xu Boxer Uprising. Sun Yixian

(1796) Britain requested more trading rights, but were denied. Economic Interest in China For centuries, Chinese regulations had strictly controlled foreign trade, ensuring that China had a favorable balance of trade with other nations. Balance of trade refers to the difference in value between how much a country imports and how much it exports. By the 1800s, however, Western nations were using their growing power to weave a web of influence over East Asia, which tilted the balance of trade in their favor. China limited trade to foreigners and enjoyed a trade surplus. (porcelain, silk, and tea in exchange for gold and silver. (1796) Britain requested more trading rights, but were denied. As China entered a period of decline, European powers were expanding trade. Britain traded opium from India for tea and silver from China(which disrupted the economy). China outlawed Opium and executed drug dealers. Since Britain refused to stop selling opium,

France and the U.S. forced China to grant them the same rights. Economic Interest in China Chinese warships clashed with British merchants (Opium War) and eventually lost to the superior power of the West. Treaty of Nanjing: British received an indemnity(payment) for losses in the war, China had to open five ports to trade and grant British citizens the right to live under their own laws and courts (extraterritoriality), most favored nation clause(Britain receives the same rights as another nation. France and the U.S. forced China to grant them the same rights.

The Taiping Rebellion and a Weakened China Troops from the Qing dynasty clash with peasant rebels during the Taiping Rebellion.

Economic Interest in China The Opium War Unequal Treaties

Economic Interest in China Chinese merchants examine goods, including porcelain, which was highly prized by European buyers.

Population increase and official corruption caused peasants to rebel. The Taiping Rebellion and a Weakened China By the 1800s, the Qing dynasty was in decline. Irrigation systems and canals were poorly maintained, leading to massive flooding of the Yellow River valley. The population explosion that had begun a century earlier created great hardships for China’s peasants as they tried to feed more and more people. Population increase and official corruption caused peasants to rebel. Taping Rebellion(1850-1864) led by Hong Xiuquan, was a peasant rebellion in which Hong wanted to overthrow the Qing dynasty and set up a “Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace” The Rebellion called for land reform, community ownership of property, equality of men and women, and strict morality. Westerners could not support the movement because they would lose their trading rights. Although rebels won control of large parts of China and the Qing dynasty was almost toppled,.

The Taiping Rebellion and a Weakened China the rebellion was eventually crushed with the help of regional commanders. Russia seized lands in North China while Europeans kept up pressure on China

The Taiping Rebellion and a Weakened China

Western powers moved swiftly to carve out Reform Efforts in China By the mid-1800s, educated Chinese were divided over the need to reform China by adopting Western ways. Most saw no reason to build new industries because China’s wealth came from land. Although Chinese merchants were allowed to do business, they were not seen as a source of economic prosperity for the country. China saw western influence as a threat to their way of life, especially to the traditions of Confucianism. Some Chinese supported Western ideals(self-strengthening movement), and set up factories to make modern weapons and developed shipyards, railroads, mining, and light industry. (little progress) Japanese pressure on China led to the Sino-Japanese War which ended in disaster for China, with Japan gaining Korea and the island of Taiwan. Western powers moved swiftly to carve out

spheres of influence along the Chinese coast. Reform Efforts in China spheres of influence along the Chinese coast. The U. S. called for a policy to keep Chinese trade open to everyone on an equal basis. ( Open Door Policy) Guang Xu launched ‘Hundred Days of Reform, which were new laws set out to modernize the civil service exams, streamline government, and encourage new industries. Conservatives soon rallied against the reform effort and the emperor was imprisoned

Reform Efforts in China Self-Strengthening Movement The Sino-Japanese War Spheres of Influence Hundred Days of Reform

Reform Efforts in China Empress Ci Xi retired as ruler of China in 1889. However, after radical reforms made by the new emperor, her nephew, Guang Xu, led to his imprisonment, she once again assumed power.

Reform Efforts in China Analyze Maps Western powers carved out spheres of influence throughout China. What area was occupied by Japan beginning in 1897?

Western powers formed an alliance to crush the Boxer Rebellion. The Fall of the Qing Dynasty By 1900, China was in turmoil. Anger against foreigners was growing. While the Chinese welcomed some Western ideas, they resented Christian missionaries who showed little respect for Chinese traditions and Confucian ideas. The presence of foreign troops was another source of discontent. The Righteous Harmonious Fists (Boxers) wanted to drive out foreigners by attacking and killing them throughout China. Western powers formed an alliance to crush the Boxer Rebellion. Women were able to attend schools, and education stressed the importance of math and science instead of Confucianism. Mining, shipping, railroads, banking, and cash crop exports grew significantly. Chinese business class emerged, and a new urban working class began to press for rights in the same way Western workers had done.

Sun Yixian was the new president of the Chinese Republic. The Fall of the Qing Dynasty Sun Yixian organized the Revolutionary Alliance based on 3 principles: Nationalism, democracy, and livelihood or economic security. Peasants, students, warlords and politicians helped overthrow the Qing Dynasty. Sun Yixian was the new president of the Chinese Republic.

The Fall of the Qing Dynasty The Boxer Uprising Consequences of the Uprising Growth of Chinese Nationalism A Republic Is Born

The Fall of the Qing Dynasty Chinese rebels nicknamed Boxers wanted to drive out foreigners from their country. Identify Cause and Effect Why were the Boxers angry about the foreign presence in China?

Quiz: Economic Interest in China What helped the British reverse their trade deficit with China? A. the increased input of the Industrial Revolution B. the increased demand for Western goods C. the popularity of imported opium in China D. the lifting of trade regulations

Quiz: The Taiping Rebellion and a Weakened China What was the main motivation behind the Taiping Rebellion? A. China’s increasing trade deficit B. hatred of the Qing dynasty C. the outlawing of opium D. treaties with the West

Quiz: Reform Efforts in China Describe the United States’ role in carving out spheres of influence in China. A. The United States dictated how the territories would be divided. B. The United States was opposed to European countries taking Chinese territory. C. The United States did not take territory but proposed open trade. D. The United States took control of territory that would help their trade.

Quiz: The Fall of the Qing Dynasty What was the main goal of the Boxer Uprising? A. to help correct China’s balance of trade B. to drive out foreign influences C. to overthrow the empress D. to modernize China