Lesson 1-Looking Neat & Clean Lesson 2-Caring for Your Eyes & Ears Personal Health Lesson 1-Looking Neat & Clean Lesson 2-Caring for Your Eyes & Ears

Lesson 1: Looking Neat & Clean

Looking Neat & Clean The largest organ in the body is… Weighs between 8 to 10lbs and may cover 2 square yards Sweat Glands: are well below you skin’s surface secrete perspiration. Body odor is the result of bacteria form perspiration decomposing on the skin Regular bathing & the use of antiperspirants help minimize this effect Antiperspirant: reduces the amount of perspiration produced by the body Deodorant: reduces body odor. Sweat Glands-secrete perspiration especially under your arms. Body odor is the result of bacteria from perspiration decomposing on the skin. Grooming-it begins with caring for you the largest organ in the body. This is?? Your Skin

There are 3 layers of the skin: Epidermis, dermis and Subcutaneous Layer. Epidermis: outer layer of the skin Dermis: the inner layer of the skin which contains blood and lymph vessels, hair follicles and glands. These glands produce sweat. Subcutaneous Layer: fat layer

How To Care for Your Skin Caring for your skin is an important part of good grooming. Bathe or Shower daily Use an underarm deodorant or antiperspirant Use a sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 15 or higher & wear protective clothing when in the sun Seek medical care for skin rashes Check monthly for changes in size, color, or shape of moles, warts, and freckles. Bathe or Shower daily—especially after exercise. Use mild soap & warm water. Dry off with a clean towel. Avoid sharing soaps and towels Protective clothing such as… Sunscreens what else should you look for? Protects against both UVA & UVB rays Watch for sores that do not heal. Why is it important to check monthly for changes of moles, warts and freckles???? What could happen??

Moles are usually harmless, but they can develop into Melanoma Moles are usually harmless, but they can develop into Melanoma. Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer. What steps can you take to help prevent Melanoma?? …not use tanning beds, use SPF 15 or higher with both UVA and UVB protection, protective clothing

Let’s Learn Some More http://sciencenetlinks.com/interactives/skind eep/interactive/base.html

ACNE Sebaceous glands Clogged pores lead to acne Acne: is a skin condition in which glands and hair follicles become inflamed, resulting in pimples, whiteheads and blackheads Sebaceous Glands—in the skin secrete oil to keep the skin soft. During the teen years, these glands produce extra amounts of oil, which may clog the pores. Acne—can occur over the face, neck, shoulders, upper arms and torso If a teen is experiencing trouble with acne, who should they consult??? A dermatologist—a physician who specialize in caring for the skin, treats severe acne.

Tips for Fighting Acne Dermatologist Gently Wash-never scrub-affected areas. Pat dry Do not rub or squeeze pimples, whiteheads or blackheads Use cosmetics, especially oily makeup, sparingly. https://youtu.be/YEeEzJzbjfI Acne should be treated by a dermatologist, especially cases that are severe.

Nails protect the ends of fingers and toes from infections and from injury… Keeping nails clean helps remove bacteria—Staphylococcus. If you scratch a cut or insect bite, staph can enter your body & can cause illness Cuticle—dead epidermis surrounding the nail Hangnails—bits of cuticle become loose Nail Care By providing protective surface for the skin underneath Staph can live under the nail Hangnails can become infected. Never pull a hangnail. To avoid this problem, push cuticles back gently when you wash your hands.

What part of the body has the thickest skin??? The soles of the feet have to be thick and rough to take the pounding that a person gives them by standing, walking, running and jogging.

FOOT CARE Wear comfortable shoes… Wash feet daily, dry thoroughly & wear clean socks to avoid foot odor Allow shoes to air 24 hrs. before wearing them again Cut your toenails Learn how to prevent & treat blisters, calluses, corns and ingrown toenails

Foot Problems to Look Out For How To Treat It What It Is Raised area of the skin containing liquid that is caused by an object such as a shoe, rubbing against it Thickened area of the skin caused by excess rubbing A growth on the skin of the foot due to excessing rubbing of a shoe against the foot A toenail that grows into the skin Keep clean, dry & covered with a bandage. Avoid further rubbing Soak in warm, soapy water for 10 mins and then gently use a pumice stone to help get ride of dead skin Apply a corn pad from a drugstore. Avoid further rubbing or squeezing See a physician for treatment The PROBLEM: Blister Callus Corn Ingrown Toenail QUESTION: What three foot problems described in the chart might result from having shoes that are too tight? Why? ANSWER: Blisters, Calluses, and corns—all are caused by rubbing

Top Left= Blister: can blow up like a small balloon Top Right= Corn: Corns can resemble a small kernel of corn in the foot Bottom Let= Ingrown Toenail: toenail grown in Bottom Right= Callus: think of a callous person as being very hard, like the hard skin of a callus

Hair Care Shampooing once every other day is usually enough… What can happen if you shampoo too often? Dandruff—is made up of flakes of dead skin on the scalp Head lice—is caused by parasitic animals that live on the scalp Hair Care …unless you are extremely active More frequent washing can dry out your hair You hair can get dried out… this can create dandruff Head lice, takes the use of special medicated shampoo and a special comb to remove lice and their nits, or tiny white eggs. Lice can be contracted by sharing a brush, comb, or hat with a person who has them

Dandruff Dandruff—the term dandruff is found on the labels of some shampoos, which claim to combat the condition

DO’s & DON’TS OF HAIR CARE Wash your hair at least 2x a week Lather up once, then rinse thoroughly Comb, never brush, wet hair Dry your hair naturally or use a low dryer setting Massage your scalp to stimulate blood circulation Overuse hairspray, mousse, gel or other products that dry out the hair Inhale aerosol hairsprays Share combs, brushes Overexpose your hair to the sun Pull hair back too tightly DON’TS *in hale aerosol hairsprays as they might contain poisonous products *overexpose your hair to the sun. too much sun can dry, dull and fray hair *pull hair back too tightly with pins, clips, or rubber bands. These items can split the end of hairs causing damage

HAIR FACTS Hair grows ½ inch per month—faster than any other part of the body The part of your hair you can see is made of dead cells Strands of hair can be tested to reveal a person’s age, gender, and race and whether the person is using drugs Conditioners may make hair appear shiny, but they do not actually repair split ends Questions: How is the sharing of hair care items connected to head lice? Sharing combs, brushes and headgear can spread lice from a person who has them.

Go to Quizlet for a Review https://quizlet.com/_33mbel Question: How has the information in the lesson changed the way you think about your personal health care?

Caring for Your Eyes & Ears Lesson 2 Caring for Your Eyes & Ears

The Eye Your eyes function much like a camera

Cornea is the clear outer layer of the eye Light passes through the cornea first

Iris The ring-shaped colored layer Ring of tissue thickens in bright light and thins in dim light Eye Color is defined by the IRIS

Pupil The black opening in the center of the iris Shrinks or enlarges as the iris controls the amount of light entering the eye The pupil is the opening in the middle of the iris. It appears black because most of the light entering it is absorbed by the tissues inside the eye.

Lens Part of the eye that changes shape for near or distant vision Shape changes in the lens help focus an image on the retina The lens is a transparent structure behind the iris, the colored part of the eye. The lens bends light rays so that they form a clear image. The large area behind the lens is filled with a gel like substance called vitreous humor

Retina Inner lining of the eye Translates focused images into nerve impulses The retina is the third and inner coat of the eye which is a light-sensitive layer of tissue. The optics of the eye create an image of the visual world on the retina ...

Optic Nerve Eye’s connection to the brain The brain interrupts nerve impulses from the optic nerve as the images that you see Optic Nerve: This is the part of the eye that carries visual information from the eye to the brain. It is located at the very back of the eye. Which parts of the eye helps to focus an image and communicate it to the brain?? …the lens, retina, and the optic nerve Which part of the eye helps control the amount of light that comes in?? …the Iris What does the Retina do?? …it translates focused images to nerve impulses DISCUSS—discuss how our eyes are often communicating messages to others. They are also taking in information. As much as 75% of what we learn comes to us through our eyes.

700 + years ago, Roger Bacon, found that people with impaired vision could read tiny print if they looked through a curved piece of glass

Vision Specialists Optometrist Ophthalmologist is a trained vision specialist who is licensed to examine the eyes & prescribe corrective lenses is a physician who specializes in medical and surgical treatment of eye problems & disease

The Lenses You Wear Corrective lenses are needed when all parts of the eye don’t work together properly Lenses in glasses & contacts help focus light rays to form a sharp image on the retina Glasses—plastic and non breakable materials to prevent accidental injury Contacts—fits on the cornea Glasses may be coated to reduce glare or exposure to the sun’s ultraviolet rays. Contact Lenses—two kinds, soft & hard. Soft contact lenses mold to the shape of the cornea, very comfortable

Ways to Care For Your Eyes Tell a parent if you think you have a problem Wear sunglasses Wear safety glasses—sports, labs & workshops Proper lighting when reading, writing, television Distance between TV & computers (look away) Wear corrective lens if prescribed

Visit the Optometrist if you have blurred vision Splash cool water on the eye if foreign particles get in it—DO NOT SCRATCH OR RUB Apply an ice-cold compress & consult an Ophthalmologist after receiving a blow to the eye If your eyes are red & itchy could be  Conjunctivitis Conjunctivitis—Pink EYE Of the Ways To Care For Your Eyes, which steps involve preventive care? The five items from wearing sunglasses to blinking or looking away from a computer screen regularly Which involve treatment of eye problems that have been identified? The last five items from seeing a vision specialist to treating conjunctivitis

PINK EYE an inflammation of the membranes covering the white of the eye and the eyelid. Infectious forms spread easily from person to person and must be treated.

Vision Problems Color Blindness—person is not able to distinguish certain colors Astigmatism—irregular curve to the eye’s lens or cornea causes blurred vision Hyperopia (farsighted)—objects that are close up appear blurred while distant objects appear clear Myopia (nearsighted)—objects in the distance appear blurred while close objects appear clear How is color blindness different from the other eye problems described here? …it has nothing to do with the clearness of the image but only with color. It cannot be corrected with lenses.

Cautions for Contact Lenses Contacts may be used for a day or to a month Special solutions are needed Must be removed if they cause discomfort, blurred vision, or redness Special solutions are needed to regularly clean and disinfect the lenses to protect eyes from germs and dirt. Contact lenses made of different materials require different maintenance routines. Hard lenses for example, must be cleaned after every use; some soft lenses must receive daily cleanings and a special weekly treatment. Why must contact lenses be cleaned regularly? ..to protect eyes from germs and dirt

The Ear How do we hear?? Your Ears— help you learn about your surroundings & keeps you safe Keeps your balance How do we hear?? All sounds make vibrations that travel through the air as invisible waves.

Outer Ear The outer ear collects sound wave, or vibrations carried through the air. Visible part of the ear; channels the sound waves through the auditory canal to the eardrum.

Eardrum—a tight membrane that vibrates with the waves Middle Ear—the chamber between the eardrum and cochlea. Hammer, anvil, and stirrup—a piston in the middle ear made up of containing three tiny bones that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochlea’s oval window (membrane).

Middle Ear Receives sound waves from the outer ear, causing the eardrum to vibrate. The hammer, anvil, & stirrup begin moving, carrying the vibrations along. Eustachian tube—helps equalize pressure on both sides of the eardrum

Inner Ear Sends messages to the brain Tiny hairs move creating sound waves. Tiny hairs move sending signals to the brain keep your balance Tiny hairs inside the cochlea move causing electrical messages that get sent to the brain. The brain interrupts them as specific sounds. The inner ear’s semicircular canals contain tiny hairs that react to body motion, sending nerve signals to the brain to help keep your balance

Tips for Your Ears Use the corner of a clean, dry towel to dry your ears Avoid inserting objects, including cotton tipped swabs and fingers, into your outer ear. You could puncture your eardrum. Wear earplugs while swimming to prevent ear infections Cover ears from wind & cold air to protect the middle ear Be mindful of the volume—keep headphone volume low/moderate Earplugs when swimming, concerts and around loud machinery See a physician if you have an ear infection Using cotton swabs to clean the wax out of the ears may have the opposite effect—it may push the wax even deeper

Preventing Hearing Loss Causes Loud noises Ear disorders Ear or head injuries Medications & Viruses High volume rock concert, listening to music with headphones, and environmental noises all contribute to the problem Inherited or congenital ear disorders Ear or Head Injuries Medications & Viruses—mumps, measles, and chicken pox can also contribute to hearing loss **IF YOU HAVE A HEARING PROBLEM YOUR DOCTOR MAY REFER YOU TO AN AUDIOLOGIST WHO IS A HEALTH PROFESSIONAL WHO TESTS PEOPLE FOR HEARING LOSS AND MAKES RECOMMENDATIONS FOR HEARING DEVICES…. THEY USE AN AUDIOIMETER WHICH IS A DEVICE THAT PRODUCES A SERIES OF TONES AT VARIOUS LEVELS OF LOUDNESS. PATIENTS LISTEN FOR THE TONES THROUGH HEADPHONES AND INDICATES WHEN THEY HEAR A TONE. THE RESULTS ARE RECORDED AND ANALYZED FOR HEARING LOSS.

Decibels is a unit to measure the loudness of sounds The slightest sound that normal people can hear has a loudness of 0 db. 85 db *danger over time* Sound of 40 to 60 db are comfortable and safe Sound of 85 db can damage the ear over time and cause serious hearing loss Sounds greater than 140 db can cause hearing loss after just ONE EXPOSURE

Talking to Someone Who Has Hearing Loss Look directly at the person when you speak Ask the person if their hearing is better on one side…if so reposition yourself Speak slowly Repeat what you have said if you are asked to do so Be patient & don’t shout

Audiologist is...

A health professional who tests people for hearing loss and makes recommendations for hearing devices.