IDEALISM Idealism is a philosophical belief claiming that material things are IMAGINARY, that material things do not exist independently but only as constructions in the mind. According to Ozmon and Craver (2008), Idealism is the oldest systematic PHILOSOPHY in Western culture, which is a believe that ideas are the only true reality. 1

In the words of Orstein and Levine (2011), The philosophy of Idealism begins with PLATO (428-347 B.C.E). Philosophers like Plato, Kant, Hegel, Berkeley, Comenius, Froebel, Pestalozzi, and Gandhi subscribed to idealism in their educational theories. 2

Basic Principles of Idealism Ultimate reality is mind and spirit Idealism Believes in God and in spiritual values Values are predetermined, absolute and unchanging 3

Aims of Education According to Idealism 1. Search for Truth (highest aim) philosophical wisdom or the conception of true ideas is the highest aim of education 2. Self-Realization (ultimate aim) Idealism has exerted so much influence on educational views about individual mind and self 3. Character Development (proper aim) many idealists are concerned with moral character as an outgrowth of thinking and thoughtful actions 4

Idealists Thoughts on Education Stress on spiritual environment Education is based on spiritualism Self-realisation is the aim of life. Emphasis on mental capacities Teacher and curriculum are central aspects of education. Relatively unimportant place for the child. Development of the chid in accordance with adult standards. Emphasises on book learning Both individual and society are valued Definite and specific ideology maintained Stress on disciplining the child. 5

Methods of Education Dialectic (Plato) Intuitive approach (Augustine) Great Books (Modern idealists) Lecture method Other idealist’s methodology: projects, supplemental activities, library research and artwork. Self-directed activity 6

Curriculum Curriculum developed according to ideals and eternal values Humanistic subjects emphasised Main subject - Religious studies, spiritual studies, Ethics, Language, Literature, History, Fine Arts, Music etc. 7

Role of Teachers in Idealism Assist students in choosing important material for learning To serve as exemplary models 3. Teachers are expected to encourage students to ask questions and to provide a suitable environment for learning. 4. Socratic characteristics (analyzing, discussing with others) – encourage their students to better their thinking. 5. Infuses them with a desire to improve their thinking in the deepest possible way. 8

Implications for Today’s Classroom Teacher Idealism seeks to create schools that are intellectual centres of teaching and learning. It sees teacher as vital agents in guiding students to realize their fullest potential. Encourages teachers and the students to encounter and appreciate the finest and most enduring achievement of the culture. Idealists recognize internet that can make great book accessible to students, however they insist that technology should be used as a means of education and not as an end. 9

Merits of Idealism Idealists promote high cognitive level of education. Idealists concern for safeguarding and promoting cultural learning. Idealists great concern for morality and character development. Idealists view of the teacher as a revered person central to the educational process. Idealists stress on the importance of self realization. Idealists stress on the human and personal side of life. Idealists comprehensive, systematic and holistic approach to education. 10

Demerits of Idealism Idealism is very abstract and vague. It avoids the present realities and prepares the child for the next world. Idealism does not deal with the real problems of life. Idealism stresses too much on intellectualism. Idealism emphasizes on the achievement of immortal values of truth, beauty and goodness which are not attainable by mortal beings. Gives more importance to the teacher in relation to the child. It emphasises cramming and rote memory. Gives less importance to science in the curriculum. 11

Conclusion 'Exalt the human personality' is the core of idealistic philosophy. According to Ross, "Human personality is of supreme value and constitutes the noblest work of God. The idealists have idolised mind beyond everything. Truth, goodness and beauty are the spiritual ideals which man should aspire and strive for. 12