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Ho Ho Tong
Ketua Jabatan Penyelidikan
& Inovasi Profesionalisme Keguruan
IPG Kampus Tun Abdual Razak

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Philosophy begins with wonder   
  Socrates

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What is philosophy?
Philosophy means "love of wisdom."
It is made up of two Greek words, philo, meaning love, and sophia, meaning wisdom

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What is philosophy?
Philosophy helps teachers to reflect on key issues and concepts in education, usually through such questions as:
What is being educated?
What is the good life?
What is knowledge?
What is the nature of learning?
What is teaching?

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What is philosophy?
Philosophers think about the meaning of things and interpretation of that meaning. Examples :
"What should be learned?
What is adolescence?" set up raging debates that can have major implications

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What is education?
It is a process of teaching, training & learning, especially in schools or colleges to improve knowledge & develop skills.
Plato ( BC)
Is a proses to mould individuals with noble characters

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John Dewey
“Education is a social process. Education is growth. Education is, not a preparation for life; education is life itself."
(1859 – 1952)

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John Dewey
“……education not only as a place to gain content knowledge, but also as a place to learn how to live…. the purpose of education should not revolve around the acquisition of a pre-determined set of skills, but rather the realization of one’s full potential and the ability to use those skills for the greater good”.
(1859 – 1952)

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John Dewey
He notes that “to prepare him for the future life means to give him command of himself; it means so to train him that he will have the full and ready use of all his capacities”
(1859 – 1952)

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Al - Ghazali
“Education is not limited to the training of mind & filling information but involve all aspects – intellectual, religious, moral and physical – of personality of the learner”
(1058 – 1111)

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Al - Ghazali
“It is not enough to impart theoretical learning; that learning must be put to practice. True learning is that which affects behaviour and where by the learner makes practical use of his knowledge”
(1058 – 1111)

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Confucius
“He who learns but does not think is lost. He who thinks but does not learn is in great danger.”
(551 – 479 BC)

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Confucius
Confucius felt that each true gentleman must possess five qualities: integrity, righteousness, loyalty, altruism, and goodness”
(551 – 479 BC)

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Confucius
“The importance of education lies in changing the human behaviour in order to become a citizen of noble character, law-abiding, loyal to authority and love his country”
(551 – 479 BC)

15. Branches of Philosophy - Metaphysics/Ontology
The term metaphysics literally means "beyond the physical."
This area of philosophy focuses on the nature of reality.
Metaphysics attempts to find unity across the domains of experience and thought.

16. Branches of Philosophy - Metapyhsics/Ontology
It deals with Qs that go beyond what can be answered by reference to scientific investigation
It is speculative and focuses on issues such as cause-effect relationships

17. Branches of Philosophy - Metapyhsics/Ontology
It relates to teaching in terms of thoughts about educational goals, the selection of appropriate content and educational goals, attitudes towards the general nature of learners

18. Branches of Philosophy - Metapyhsics/Ontology
Educational examples:
Do you think human beings are basically good or evil?
What are conservative or liberal beliefs
Who should decide what is to be learned?
How might your view determine your classroom management?

19. Branches of Philosophy - Epistemology
Is concerned with what is the nature of knowledge. How do we come to know?
Two basic epistemological Qs are: “What constitute knowledge?” and “Is knowledge fixed or changing?”

20. Branches of Philosophy - Epistemology
How is knowledge derive?
Scientific Inquiry
Senses and Feelings
From authority or divinity
Empiricism (experience)
Intuition
Reasoning or Logic - What reasoning processes yield valid conclusions?

21. Branches of Philosophy - Epistemology
Educational examples:
How would an anthropologist look at this classroom? A political scientist? A biologist?
How do we know what a child knows?

22. Branches of Philosophy - Axiology
It deals with values such as ethics, aesthetics and religion
Axiology focuses on Qs about “what ought to be”

23. Branches of Philosophy - Axiology
Some examples associated with axiology:
What values should one live by?
Is morality defined by our actions, or by what is in our hearts?
What values should be taught in character education?
What is moral and immoral?

24. Branches of Philosophy - Logic
It is the science of exact thought and deals with the relationships among ideas and with the procedures used to differentiate b/w valid and fallacious thinking

25. Branches of Philosophy - Logic
There two types of logic:
Deductive:  reasoning from the general to the particular
All children can learn. Molly is a fifth grader. She has a learning disability. Can Molly learn?        

26. Branches of Philosophy - Logic
There two types of logic:
Inductive:  reasoning from the specific to the general.
After experimenting with plant growth under varied conditions, students conclude plants need water and light

27. What is philosophy of education ?
Your educational philosophy is your beliefs about why, what and how you teach, whom you teach, and about the nature of learning.
It is a set of principles that guides professional action through the events and issues teachers face daily.

28. What is philosophy of education ?
Sources for your educational philosophy are your life experiences, your values, the environment in which you live, interactions with others and awareness of philosophical approaches

29. What is philosophy of education ?
The study of the meaning, purpose and the methods of education or learning and theories related to human development.
Also the study of the nature of the knowing mind, the nature of man, the Qs of authority and relationship b/w education and society

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Tutorial Qs
Why might the study of philosophy be particularly important to educators?
Which branch or branches of philosophy would you want to emphasize in your classroom? Why?
Can you think of other school-based examples for each of the branches?