RECALL QUESTION 1: What was the role of the Church during the Middle Ages in Europe (500-1500 CE)?

What caused people to lose faith during the Middle Ages? RECALL QUESTION 2: What caused people to lose faith during the Middle Ages?

What caused people to lose faith during the Renaissance? RECALL QUESTION 3: What caused people to lose faith during the Renaissance?

RECALL QUESTION 4: What was humanism?

RECALL QUESTION 5: What would have happened to you if you were to speak out against the Catholic Church in Europe during this time period?

*How had Christianity changed up to this point (1500)? Warm-Up: REVIEW: *How had Christianity changed up to this point (1500)? *What was the CONTEXT for the Protestant Reformation? *What CAUSED the Protestant Reformation?

DENOMINATIONS OF PROTESTANTISM LUTHERANISM Followers of Martin Luther called themselves Lutherans Took hold mainly in Germany and Northern Europe (Denmark, Norway, Sweden) Major beliefs: People can win salvation by faith alone Church teachings should be solely based on the words of the Bible (both the pope and Church traditions were false authorities) All people with faith were equal- people did not need priests to interpret the Bible for them.

DENOMINATIONS OF PROTESTANTISM 2. CALVINISM Background: Reform began in Switzerland under Huldrych Zwingli, a Catholic priest in Zurich- he was influenced by Christian humanism of Erasmus and of the reforms of Luther 1520: Zwingli openly attacked abuses in the Catholic Church- called for a return to more personal faith in Christianity, and wanted believers to have more control over the Church Reforms took hold in Swiss cities Zwingli died in a conflict with Catholics

DENOMINATIONS OF PROTESTANTISM 2. CALVINISM Background: 1536: John Calvin (a Frenchman) published a book about Protestant theology. In it, he said that men and women are sinful by nature. Taking Luther’s idea that humans cannot earn salvation, Calvin believed in predestination- God chooses a few people to save (“the elect”). Protestants in Geneva, Switzerland asked Calvin to come lead their city after Zwingli’s death Under Calvin, strict religious rules- everyone attended religion class, no bright clothes or card games, no music in church services, no idol worshipping or religious images

DENOMINATIONS OF PROTESTANTISM 2. CALVINISM Background: 1550s: A Scottish preacher, John Knox, visited Geneva and was inspired by Calvin’s example When he returned to Scotland, he instituted Calvin’s ideas, making Scotland Calvinist- became known as Presbyterians- each community church governed by a group of laymen called elders or presbyters. Calvinism spread to France- French Calvinists were called Huguenots- hatred between Catholics and Huguenots led to frequent violence

DENOMINATIONS OF PROTESTANTISM 3. ANGLICAN CHURCH Background: Henry VIII was a devout Catholic but needed a male heir- sought to divorce his wife- pope refused to approve the divorce 1529: Henry VIII called Parliament into session to pass laws that ended the pope’s power in England 1534: Parliament approved the Act of Supremacy- established the king as the head of the Church of England (Anglican Church) Henry VIII disbanded Catholic monasteries, seized property of Catholic Church in England

DENOMINATIONS OF PROTESTANTISM 3. ANGLICAN CHURCH Background: Henry VIII’s actions led to increased tension between Catholics and Protestants in England After Henry VIII’s death in 1547: Edward VI (his son), still a child, had adult advisers- spread Protestantism; Edward died at 15 Mary I took the throne in 1533- sought to return Catholicism to England- had many Protestants executed (“Bloody Mary”); died in 1558 Elizabeth I firmly established England as a Protestant country- Anglican Church became the official church in England

DENOMINATIONS OF PROTESTANTISM 3. ANGLICAN CHURCH Beliefs: More of a blend of Protestant and Catholic beliefs Protestant beliefs: Priests could marry, sermons in English (not Latin) Catholic beliefs: rich robes, rituals

DENOMINATIONS OF PROTESTANTISM 4. ANABAPTISTS Beliefs: Only baptized those old enough to decide to be Christian Taught the church and state should be separate; refused to fight in wars, shared their possessions (seen as radical) Persecuted by both Catholics and Protestants Became the influence for later groups such as Amish, Mennonites; also influenced the Quakers and Baptists, who split from the Anglican Church later

Activity Write a THESIS STATEMENT for each of the following two prompts: Explain the causes and effects of the Protestant Reformation. (Skill: Cause/Effect) Evaluate the extent to which the Protestant Reformation can be seen as a turning point in world history. (Skill: Periodization) When you’re finished, post your thesis statements on the door!