1. The Reformation Continues

2. Setting the Stage
Under the leadership of Queen Elizabeth I, the Anglican Church, though Protestant, remained similar to the Catholic Church in many of its doctrines and ceremonies. Meanwhile, other forms of Protestantism were developing elsewhere in Europe. Martin Luther had launched the Reformation in northern Germany, but reformers were at work in other countries. In Switzerland, another major branch of Protestantism emerged. Based mainly on the teachings of John Calvin, a French follower of Luther, it promoted unique ideas about the relationship between people and God.

3. John Calvin Continues the Reformation
1536- published Institutes of the Christian Religion
Summary of Protestant theology
Believed God chooses a very few people to save
Predestination- idea God has known since the beginning of time who will be saved
Known as Calvinism

4. Calvin’s Rule Rules over Geneva, Switzerland Strict rules-
Everyone attended religion classes
No card playing
No bright clothing
Seen as a model city of highly moral citizens

5. Calvinism Spreads John Knox- applies Calvin’s ideas in Scotland
Each community church was governed by a group of laymen called elders or presbyters
Followers of Knox become known as Presbyterians

6. Other Protestant Reformers
Anabaptists- only baptized those old enough to decide to be Christian
Church and state should be separate
Refused to fight wars
Shared possessions
Forerunners of Mennonites and Amish, influenced Quakers and Baptists

7. The Catholic Reformation
Ignatius of Loyola-
Wrote Spiritual Exercises- laid out day-by-day plan of meditation, prayer and study
Pope created religious order for his followers called the Society of Jesus, known as Jesuits

8. The Catholic Reformation
Jesuits goals-
Create schools in Europe
Convert non-Christians to Catholicism
Stop the spread of Protestantism

9. The Catholic Reformation
Pope Paul III-
Had Council of Cardinals investigate indulgence selling
Approved the Jesuit order
Used the Inquisition to seek out heresy
Called a council of church leaders to meet in Trent, Italy

10. The Council of Trent Church’s interpretation of the Bible was final
Christians need faith and good works for salvation (not saved by faith alone)
The Bible and Church tradition were equally powerful in guiding Christian life
Indulgences were valid expressions of faith

11. The Catholic Reformation
Pope Paul IV-
Index of Forbidden Books (books dangerous to Catholic faith)- bishops ordered to burn these books
Venice- burned 10,000 books in 1 day

12. The Legacy of the Reformation
Set stage for the modern world
Left Europe culturally divided
New schools develop
Decline of Church’s authority leads to more power in monarchs and nation-states
State building begins- warfare, exploration and expansion