The World of Islam Chapter 26 Part 1

Identify Muhammad Khadija Kaaba Quran/Koran “People of The Book”

The Prophet Muhammad Identify Slide

Muhammad Islamic prophet Received the message to proclaim the word of Allah from the Arch-Angel Gabriel. “Proclaim – in the name of your God, the Creator, who created man from a clot of congealed blood. Proclaim! Your God is most generous, He who has taught man by the pen things he knew not.”

Khadija (kah Dee jah) Muhammad’s wife. She was a wealthy widow whom Muhammad worked for. When he was 25 they married Responsible for encouraging Muhammad to seek Allah and spreading Allah’s word. Identify Slide

Kaaba Black stone in Mecca that Muslims are required to visit during their lifetime. Identify Slide

Quran/Koran The Holy book of the Muslims. Muslims believe that it contains the exact word of God as revealed by Muhammad. Identify Slide

“People of The Book” Christians and Jews Muhammad accepted the original teachings of the Jewish and Christian scriptures as God’s word. Identify Slide

Define Hejira The Five Pillars of Islam Hajj Ramadan Caliph

Hejira (hih ji ruh) The journey of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina. Define Slide

The Five Pillars of Islam A series of beliefs about what it means to be a good Muslim. Proclamation Prayer Charity Fasting Hajj Unofficial Pillar VI Jihad Define Slide

Hajj Pilgrimage to Mecca All Muslims who are able are required to make the journey at least once in their lifetime. It is the fifth Pillar of the Five Pillars of Islam. Define Slide

Ramadan It is the month that Gabriel spoke to Muhammad as well as the month of the hejira. The ninth month in the Muslim calendar. During this month, Muslims are not allowed to eat or drink from sunrise to sunset. Define Slide

Caliph The caliph is the successor to the prophet Muhammad. Define Slide

Five Pillars of Islam Proclamation Prayer Charity Fasting Hajj Unofficial Pillar VI Jihad

Pillar I: Proclamation Muslims must proclaim their belief in one God. They accept that God revealed his message to Muhammad. Muslims actually honor many prophets, including Abraham, Moses, and even Jesus.

Pillar II: Prayer Muslims must face the holy city of Mecca and pray five times a day.

Pillar III: Charity Charity to the poor and the aged

Pillar IV: Fasting During the holy month of Ramadan, Muslims must not eat or drink from dawn to sunset.

Pillar V: Hajj Pilgrimage to Mecca. All Muslims who are able are required to make the journey at least once in their lives. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WCe4bOlBE1k

Unofficial Pillar VI: Jihad Jihad or struggle in God’s service. A person’s inner struggle to achieve spiritual peace Any battle in defense of Islam (Holy War).

Reasons For Islam’s Rapid Spread Arab armies were united by their beliefs. Islam taught that Muslim warriors who died in the service of Islam would win a place in Paradise. Jihad The lure of riches to be won in conquered lands was another powerful incentive.

Why Did It Spread So Rapidly? cont… Islam promotes human equality, and in civilizations where equality was not found, Islam was eagerly accepted. Muslims were tolerant conquerors and allowed conquered peoples to continue to worship their own God or gods, or convert to Islam. Those who did not convert had to pay a special “non believer tax.” Many people actually converted to avoid being taxed.

Divisions in Islam The two divisions break into Sunni Muslims (the majority of Muslims) and Shiite Muslims. The Shiites Believed that only descendants of Ali, Muhammad’s son-in-law, could become caliphs. The Sunni Muslims Believed that any devout Muslim could become a caliph.

Muhammad’s Teachings Muhammad taught that “the ink of the scholar is holier than the blood of the martyr.” What do you think he meant? How do you think his teaching contributed to Islamic civilization?

Drawing Inferences What do you think he meant? He placed great value on the expression of ideas. How do you think his teaching contributed to Islamic civilization? Scholarship and learning became important features of Islamic civilization, leading to advancements in medicine, mathematics, astrology, music, and philosophy.

Similarities Let us draw some similarities between the religions Judaism, Islam, and Christianity.