1. Islam

2. Terms--Islam Mohammed (570 – 632) Allah Koran Mecca
Medina—Hejira (622)
Caliph
Five Pillars of Faith
Ramadan
Hajj
Jihad
Sunnis
Shiites—Ali
Umayyads
Abbassids

3. Islam
Monotheistic belief derived in part from Jewish and Christian beliefs
New element: belief in another great prophet--Mohammed

4. Mohammed

5. Arabia

6. The Arabs--Bedouins

7. Bedouins

8. Mecca

9. The Kaaba (Today)

10. Medina (“City of the Prophet”)

11. Arabia During Mohammed’s Lifetime

12. The Hejira--622
Mohammed’s flight across the desert from Mecca to Medina
622—Becomes first year of Muslim calendar
Turning point for Islam

13. The Spread of Islam During Mohammed’s Lifetime (by 632)

14. Abu Bakr—First Caliph
“If you worship Mohammed, Mohammed is dead. If you worship God, God is alive.”

15. The Spread of Islam Under the First Four Caliphs (by 661)

16. Beliefs
Strict monotheism
One all-powerful, compassionate God--Allah

17. The Koran
Sacred text of Islam
The recitations of Mohammed

18. The Five Pillars of Faith/Islam
There is no god but Allah and Mohammed is his prophet
Obligation to pray five times a day facing Mecca
Obligation to observe the holy month of Ramadan and fast from sunrise to sunset
Obligation to visit Mecca at least once in your lifetime—a pilgrimage or hajj
Obligation to give charity to the poor and to avoid the arrogance of wealth

19. Bedouin Armies

20. Jihad
Holy war
“Striving in the way of God”

21. Divisions Emerge
Sunnis—Caliph should be chosen by leaders of the Muslim community. A leader, not a religious authority. The inspiration came from the example of Mohammed.
Shiites—Only true successors to the Prophet were descendants of Mohammed’s daughter and son-in-law, Fatima and Ali. Descendants of the Prophet were divinely inspired.

22. The Umayyads (r. 661 – 750)

23. Abbassids (r. 750 – 1258) Abu al-Abbas