BELLWORK: 2/20 READ “Great Britain leads the way” on pgs. 379-380 and answer the following questions: What did farmers in Great Britain do during the Industrial Revolution? What is capital? What raw materials did Great Britain have? Why were these important? What happened to farming once machinery was introduced? THINKER: What is the difference between a rural and urban area?

Industrial Revolution Industrial Revolution (1860-1890): shift towards industrialism using machines, factories, mines, and railroads. Why was this a revolution? Manufacturing and Industry replaced agriculture as the main source of economic growth.

Industrial Revolution Started in Great Britain and spread throughout Europe, North America, and the World. Why Great Britain? Access to materials: Steel, iron, and coal were central to new industry (water = steam!) Access to capital (economically stable) Access to people (population boomed; labor force available)

Living Conditions during the Industrial Revolution The working class lived in crowded apartment buildings called tenements Overwork, poor sanitation, and inadequate diet = spread of disease Cities were full of prostitution, crime, and alcohol Increased immigration = overpopulation

Living Conditions: Immigration With working conditions so bad, why do you think immigrants still chose to come to America?

Living Conditions: Immigration Like many Americans, immigrants felt cities were a new source of opportunity. Between 1880 and 1920 about 25 million immigrants entered the U.S. – about half of the total population! Most immigrants lived in cities, worked “undesirable” jobs and were paid lower than Americans.

Living Conditions: Immigration Most European immigrants entered the U.S. through Ellis Island. Before 1890: Northern and Western Europe (England, Ireland, Germany) Between 1890-1920: Southern and Eastern Europe (Italy, Poland, Russia)

Inspections included: Medical Mental Physical

Immigrants being processed at Ellis Island

Waiting for deportation

Inventions of the 1800s Battery Stapler Tin can Safety pin Photograph/camera Soda fountain Stethoscope Cement Matches Typewriter Sewing machine Revolver/Machine gun Morse Code Bicycle Stapler Safety pin Dishwasher Washing machine Elevator Plastic Dynamite Vacuum Barbed wire Telephone Toilet paper Contact lenses

Inventions of the Industrial Revolution To learn about the important inventions during the Industrial Revolution, you will read pages 381-387 and complete the graphic organizer. This is homework! Due block 2!

BELLWORK: BLOCK 2 List three problems that existed within urban areas. How did the transcontinental railroad impact the Industrial Revolution? Describe two advances made to communication during the Industrial Revolution How did electricity impact society? THINKER: Based on what you know about living conditions, make a prediction  what were working conditions like in the factories? Why?

Transportation and Communication The Industrial Revolution was also characterized by advances in transportation and communication. Transcontinental Railroad: U.S. railroad running from the east to west coast The increase in railroads allowed goods to be shipped faster and cheaper. Telegraph: Samuel Morse perfected it using a system called Morse Code Telephone: Alexander Graham Bell; by 1900 (30 years after its invention), 1.5 million telephones were in use.

Working Conditions Laborers Worked in factories, mills, and mines worked at least 60 hours a week for an average pay of about 20 cents an hour, and had no benefits

Working Conditions: Child Labor Children received no education, instead they worked in factories. Why?

Environmental Problems With the race for industrialization, many countries began to exploit their natural resources (especially coal, oil, and gas) all with little regard to the environment. Air Water Land

Environmental Problems - Air Coal was needed to power the steam engines that would run machines and trains, but coal also released huge amounts of carbon into the atmosphere. The combination of smoke and fog produced smog, which was visible as a thick blanket over cities. This caused thousands of deaths due to respiratory diseases.

Environmental Problems - Water Water was another prime resource used for running machines in factories. Factories dumped toxic industrial waste into nearby rivers. Due to dense populations, the cities had no proper system of sewage disposal, so rivers were also contaminated for personal use. During the Industrial Revolution, there was no running water – everything came from rivers; therefore, the contaminated, toxic, filthy, sewage water was also used as drinking water. This caused water-borne diseases like cholera or typhoid fever to wipe out a huge portion of the population. (Especially the working class).

Environmental Problems - Land With large amounts of populations moving to the cities for work, land was being exploited to build homes or more factories. This meant cutting down forest areas and loss of natural habitats. Many factories used empty space as land fills for their trash and toxic waste. This lead to a spread of disease

Unit 5 Exam Info Study guide = 50 points Unit 5 Exam: Thursday-Friday: 3/2 & 3/3 Multiple Choice and matching = 60 points Written Response = 20 points Be able to explain the causes and effects of the English Civil War Be able to compare and contrast French and American revolutions Be able to compare the revolutions in the Americas. Be able to assess the advantages and disadvantages of the Industrial Revolution Study guide due! Late/Missing work due!

Mankind the Story of All of Us: Revolution! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U9q0q-jLSe8 American Revolution Industrial Revolution Expansion of Railroad Living Conditions in Cities (stop at 27:00!)

Pollution and Industrialization Pollution remains a side effect of industrialization. We are going to read a short excerpt on the growth of industrial cities and how it creates pollution. “An Industrial City” – pg. 381 How did Manchester become an industrial city? What type of industry did Manchester rely on? What happened to the Irwell River? Do you think that what happened to Manchester can be called “progress?” How do cities today compare/contrast with cities of the 1800’s?

BELLWORK: February 27th For bellwork, read a short excerpt on the growth of industrial cities and how it creates pollution. “An Industrial City” – pg. 381 How did Manchester become an industrial city? What type of industry did Manchester rely on? What happened to the Irwell River? Do you think that what happened to Manchester can be called “progress?” How do cities today compare/contrast with cities of the 1800’s? THINKER: Based on everything we’ve studied about the Industrial Revolution, do you think it was ore of an advantage or disadvantage? Why! Use examples!

CLOSURE Explain the advantages and disadvantages of the Industrial Revolution.