Rhetorical Terms for Rhetorical Analysis of Point of View Use handout from my web site or take notes quickly – I’ll post this on my web site so we don’t have to spend too much time on each slide!

Antithesis Presentation of two contrasting images – ideas are balanced by word, phrase, clause, or paragraphs. “To be or not to be…” “Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country…” “Give me liberty or give me death.”

Anaphora The deliberate repetition of the first part of the sentence in order to emphasize certain words and phrases. “My life is my purpose. My life is my goal. My life is my inspiration.”

Metaphor A figure of speech which makes an implicit, implied or hidden comparison between two things that are unrelated but share some common characteristics. Love is fire

Rhetorical Question A rhetorical question is asked just for effect or to lay emphasis on some point discussed when no real answer is expected. “Who knows?” “Why not?”

Repetition A literary device that repeats the same words or phrases a few times to make an idea clearer. “Because I do not hope to turn again Because I do not hope Because I do not hope to turn…”

Parallelism The use of components in a sentence that are grammatically the same; or similar in their construction, sound, meaning or meter. “Like father, like son. The escaped prisoner was wanted dead or alive. Easy come, easy go. Whether in class, at work or at home, Shasta was always busy. Flying is fast, comfortable, and safe.”

Emotional Appeal Pathos When a writer appeals to readers’ emotions (often through pathos) to excite and involve the reader in the argument. American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals advertisements. Click Here Click Here

Ethical Appeal Ethos: When a writer tries to persuade the audience to respect and believe him or her based on a presentation or image of self through the text. Reputation is sometimes a factor in ethical appeal, but in all cases the aim is to gain the audience’s confidence. Our spokesperson, Mr. Coyote says "I've used Acme products for years. Their slingshots, rocket launchers, crowbars, pogo sticks, and power pills are the best around. And don't forget their high- powered dynamite! I buy everything from Acme. They are the company that I trust the most."

Logical Appeal Logos: When a writer tries to persuade the audience based on statistics, facts, and reasons. Fair trade agreements have raised the quality of life for coffee producers, so fair trade agreements could be used to help other farmers as well.

Parallelism The technique of arranging words, phrases, clauses, or larger structures by placing them side by side and making them similar in form. It can be as simple as listing two or three modifiers in a row to describe the same noun or verb to as complex as using single-word, phrase, and clause parallelism in the same sentence. “We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields.” (Churchill)

Rhetorical Question A question that does not expect an explicit answer. It is used to pose an idea to be considered by the speaker or audience. Grandma Simpson and Lisa are singing Bob Dylan's "Blowin' in the Wind" ("How many roads must a man walk down/Before you call him a man?"). Homer overhears and says, "Eight!" Lisa: "That was a rhetorical question!" Homer: "Oh. Then, seven!" Lisa: "Do you even know what 'rhetorical' means?" Homer: "Do I know what 'rhetorical' means?" (The Simpsons, "When Grandma Simpson Returns")

Connotation vs. Denotation Connotation is an implied or suggested meaning of a word because of its association in the reader’s mind. This differs from denotation which is the literal meaning of a word. Happy: So why do they call him "The Joker"? Dopey: I heard he wears make-up. Happy: Make-up? Dopey: Yeah, to scare people. You know, war paint. (William Smillie and Michael Stoyanov in The Dark Knight, 2008) (organization or group)(symbols in literature) club = positive gang = negative white = good black = evil