1. Rhetorical Language Review
Speech to the Virginia Convention
Crisis No. 1
George Washington’s Speech to his Officers
Declaration of Independence

2. Rhetorical Appeals
Ethos: ethical appeal; establishment of credibility through expert, celebrity, or divine endorsement
Logos: logical appeal; logical reasoning through the presentation of facts, statistics, examples, etc.
Pathos: emotional appeal; imagery and emotionally charged words used to evoke an emotional reaction; could be positive or negative, ie., confidence or fear

3. Rhetorical Devices
Allusion: reference to historical/literary event or person
Analogy: comparison of two situations where the outcomes will be similar
Aphorism: a short statement of universal truth
Metaphor: comparison of two unlike things
Parallelism: repetition of grammatical structures for effect and emphasis
Rhetorical Question: a question asked for the purpose of making the audience stop and think and mentally participate in the argument

4. SOAPSTone for all four speeches
Speaker: information of the speaker needed to better understand the speaker and the speech
Occasion: the context, historical, social, and cultural information needed to better understand the what and why of the speech
Audience: information of the audience needed to better understand who’s listening and how to best persuade them
Purpose: the speaker’s objective
Subject: the speaker’s message
Tone: the emotional tone of the diction