Transport Geography Chapter 4 – Transportation Terminals Concepts Copyright © , Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Economics & Geography, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA. You may use the figures within for educational purposes only. No modification or redistribution permitted. For more information:

Concept 1 The Function of Transport Terminals

Location Infrastructures Accessibility Local Regional Global

The Hinterland of a Transport Terminal A Terminal Client Main Hinterland Competition Margin B Island

Concept 2 Terminals and Location

A B C Hinterland D Foreland Competition margin Main hinterland Port Foreland and Hinterland

Terminals as Clusters and Growth Poles A B Terminal Terminal-dependent activities Agglomeration Inter-terminal link Terminal-client link Cluster Structure (Dis)agglomeration forces Internal competition Cluster barriers Heterogeneity Cluster Governance Intermediaries Trust Leader firms Collective action regimes Cluster Performance Value added

Ports and Urban Land Use City Port Interface Zone of conflict/cooperation Environment Economy Politics Legislation Technology Environmental filter Traditional port/city zone Port migration Industrial migration Land use competition Water use competition

Distance Road Rail Maritime C1 C2 C3 Terminal Costs T1 T2 T3

Concept 3 Port Terminals

Port Sites In a delta Margin of a delta Along a river Natural harbors In an estuary Near an estuary In a bay Protected

Basic Constraints of Port Sites Maritime Space Land Space Infrastructures Port Land Access Maritime Access Interface

Channel Depth at Selected North American Ports, 1998 (in feet)

Typology of Port Cities Port Traffic City Size SmallMedium Large Small Medium Large Coastal port townRegional port townMajor port town Regional city Regional port city Major port city Coastal metropolis Port metropolis World port city City Port

The Evolution of a Port Setting Expansion Specialization Downtown Urban expansion Terminal facilities Port-related activities Rail Highway Water depth Reconversion 3

Evolution of the Port of Rotterdam

Infrastructure Services to ships Services to merchandises Regional port Main port FDC Regional port FDC Main port Hinterland Foreland Export activity Import activity Rail transport FDC Road transport Freight distribution center Maritime transport Port Functions Maritime SpaceLand Space

Throughput of the World’s Major Ports, (in millions of metric tons)

Container Traffic of the 20 Most Important Ports,

Container Traffic of the World’s 20 Largest Container Ports, 2002 (in million TEUs)

World Top 15 Container Ports, 2000 (in TEUs)

World Top 10 Container Ports, (in Millions of TEUs)

The 50 Largest Container Ports, (TEUs)

Cargo Throughput of the Port of Rotterdam, 2000

Modal Split of the Container Traffic,

Traffic at Major American Ports, 1998

The American Waterway System

Cargo Handled by the Top 5 US Container Ports, (in TEUs)

Tonnage of Cargo Handled by the Top 15 American Ports, 1999 (in million short tons)

Tonnage of Foreign Cargo Handled by the Top 15 American Ports, 1999 (in million short tons)

Value of Foreign Cargo Handled by the Top 15 American Ports, 1999 (in billion dollars)

Value and Tonnage of Foreign Cargo Handled by Maritime Facade, United States, 1999 (in dollars and short tons)

Concept 4 Airport Terminals

Geographical Scales of Airport Location International / Regional Local

Terminal Isle Terminal Shuttles Airport Components Airfield

Airport Location Factors Benefits Externalities Suitability High Low City Center High Low Commuting radius High Low Location Ring

Site of the Hong Kong Chek Lap Kok Terminal Logistics and cargo area Passenger terminal Northern runway Southern runway Light Rail System To Kowloon and Hong Kong Train station Future Terminal Expansion

Airport Hubbing Level None High Percentage Passengers Connecting 50% 25% 0%

Airport Passenger Traffic per Continent,

Airport Cargo Traffic per Continent, (in metric tons)

World’s Largest Passengers Airports, 2000 (in millions)

World’s Largest Passengers Airports, 2001 (in millions)

World’s Largest Passengers Airports, 2003 (in millions)

Passenger Traffic at the World’s Largest Airports, 2001 Atlanta Chicago Los Angeles London Tokyo Dallas / Ft Worth Frankfurt Paris

Passengers handled at New York’s Major Airports,

World’s Largest Freight Airports, 2000 (in millions of metric tons)

World’s Largest Freight Airports, 2001 (in millions of metric tons)

World’s Largest Freight Airports, 2003 (in millions of metric tons)

Freight Traffic at the World’s Largest Airports, 2001 Memphis Hong Kong Anchorage Los Angeles Tokyo Miami Frankfurt Paris

Freight handled at New York’s Major Airports, (in short tons)