Constitutional Amendments 11-27

Learning Goal Students will be able to explain the amendments to the Constitution.

Amendment 11 (1795) The 11 th amendment states that the Supreme Court is responsible for hearing cases between private citizen against states, including citizens from other states.

Amendment 12 (1804) Changed the way the President and Vice- President were elected, specifically Article 2, Section 1 of the Constitution The Electoral college now cast one vote for President and one vote for Vice President Previously, the candidate with the most votes became President and the one with the 2 nd most votes became Vice-President. Problems with elections in 1796 and 1800

Amendment 13 (1865) Ended Slavery in the United States People cannot be forced to work against their will unless they have been tried for and convicted of a crime for which this means of punishment is ordered.

Amendment 14 (1868) All citizens must be protected equally by law. All persons born or naturalized in the United States are citizens of the United States and of the state in which they live. Guarantees due process of law According to due process of law, no state may take away the rights of a citizen.

Amendment 15 (1870) The right of citizens to vote cannot be based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude. This guarantees all people, regardless of their race or color of their skin, the right to vote.

Amendment 16 ( 1913) Allowed the federal government to tax people’s incomes. Congress has the power to collect taxes on its citizens, based on their personal incomes rather than on the number of people living in a state.

Amendment 17 (1913) Changes Article 1, Section 3 of the Constitution Instead of being elected by state legislatures, Senators would now be elected by the people. The # and terms did not change.

Amendment 18 (1919 ) Also called Prohibition Limited the consumption of alcohol to a small amount of circumstances; however, the ownership, sale, or possession of alcohol was considered to be illegal. Started by the Temperance Movement Went into effect on Jan. 17 th, 1920

Amendment 19 (1920) Granted women the right to vote. Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton led the fight for women’s rights. A result of the Women’s Suffrage Movement Originally drafted in 1873

Which amendment ended slavery? Amendment 13 Amendment 14 Amendment 15

Which amendment ended slavery? Amendment 13 Amendment 13 Amendment 14 Amendment 15

Which amendment guarantees all people regardless of their race the right to vote? Amendment 14 Amendment 15 Amendment 19

Amendment 14 Amendment 15 Amendment 15 Amendment 19 Which amendment guarantees all people regardless of their race the right to vote?

Which amendment allowed the government to tax people’s income? Amendment 14 Amendment 16 Amendment 19

Which amendment allowed the government to tax people’s income? Amendment 14 Amendment 16 Amendment 16 Amendment 19

Name the amendment that protects the rights of all citizens. Amendment 14 Amendment 15 Amendment 19

Name the amendment that protects the rights of all citizens. Amendment 14 Amendment 14 Amendment 15 Amendment 19

What amendment granted women the right to vote? Amendment 13 Amendment 16 Amendment 19

What amendment granted women the right to vote? Amendment 13 Amendment 16 Amendment 19 Amendment 19

Amendment 20 (1933) Moved the date of the Presidential and Vice- Presidential inaugurations from March to January 20 th Made the end of term for Senators and Representatives Jan. 3 at noon.

Amendment 21 (1933) Repealed the 18 th amendment Only amendment ever written to repeal a previous amendment

Amendment 22 (1951) Limits the number of Presidential terms to 2 four year terms. George Washington refused a 3 rd term. Thomas Jefferson stated that no having a term limit would result in a “President for life.” Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected to 3 terms

Amendment 23 (1961) Allows the residents of Washington, D.C. the power to vote for members of the Electoral College. Essentially gave People living in Washington, D.C. the right to vote for President

Amendment 24 (1964) Eliminated any poll taxes that existed After the 15 th amendment was passed, especially in the Southern states, poll taxes were imposed in an attempt to prevent certain people from voting

Amendment 25 (1967) In the event that the President is no longer able to serve, whether its as a result of death, illness, or impeachment, the Vice President will assume the Presidential duties. 4 Presidents have died from illness while in office- Harrison, Harding, Taylor, Roosevelt 4 Presidents have been assassinated while in office- Lincoln, Garfield, McKinley, Kennedy

Amendment 26 (1971) Changed the national voting age to 18. Previously, each state could determine the voting age within their own state.

Amendment 27 (1992) States that any wage increases will not take effect until after the next election. First proposed in 1789 so it holds the record for the longest time needed for an amendment to pass.