ATP/ADP Cycle Unit 5 Notes: Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Adenosine TriPhosphate Charged battery Ex. Active Transport Adenosine DiPhosphate –This is energy that is released for the cell to use. Released through cellular respiration “Uncharged battery” ATP is high stored energy. Has 3 Phosphate.

Formulas Carbohydrates Oxygen Energy (ATP) Carbon Dioxide Water PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESPIRATION Energy (Light) Autotrophs Only- Producers (make their food) Autotrophs and Heterotrophs (Consumers) 6CO 2 + 6H Sunlight  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6CO 2 + 6H ATP (Glucose)

Chloroplast Outer Membrane Grana Lumen (thylakoid space) Inner Membrane StromaThylakoid membrane ** Contains Chlorophyl & Green pigment

Mitochondrion Outer Membrane Inner Membrane Intermembrane Christae Matrix

Photosynthesis Light Dependent Rxns: Takes place in the thylakoid membrane Uses light energy to make ATP. Light breaks Water into H and O. O2 is released. H goes to the Calvin Cycle. ATP goes to the stroma. Light INDependent Rxns: Takes place in the stroma. CO2 is absorbed H and CO2 combine to make glucose (C6H12O6). Also called the Calvin Cycle Reminders: In Photosynthesis, Water and Carbon Dioxide are the reactants. And Glucose and Oxygen are the products

3 steps of Cellular Respiration 1. Glycolysis Takes place in the cytoplasm Breaks glucose down into 2 pyruvates. Makes 2 ATP. Occurs with or without oxygen 2. Krebs cycle Takes place in the Matrix Series of chemical reactions take place here. Pyruvates are broken down into 2 CO2. H goes to the next step. 3. Electron Transport Chain Takes place in the inner membrane. H and electrons move through a series of transport proteins. H is added to O to make water releasing energy. Energy is used to make ATP.

Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Cellular Respiration Aerobic uses oxygen and makes ATP in the mitochondria. Oxygen Anaerobic does not use oxygen. There is no oxygen. Takes place in the cytoplasm. NOOxygen Glucose is still broken down into 2 pyruvates in glycolysis = makes 2 ATP Pyruvate can’t enter the mitochondrion AkA fermentation

Lactic Acid Fermentation (Anaerobic Cellular Respiration) Performed by animals when there isn’t enough O2 Produces 2 ATP in glycolysis Produces Lactic Acid Lactic Acid makes muscles sore.

Alcoholic Fermentation (Anaerobic Cellular Respiration) Performed by Yeast (a fungus) and bacteria Produces 2 ATP in glycolysis Produces alcohol Yeast makes bread rise. Alcohol use to make alcoholic beverages.

Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Cellular Respiration Lactic Acid or Alcoholic Fermentation Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Chain Aerobic (with oxygen) Glycolysis Both use Glycolysis NO O 2. Pyruvate can’t enter the mitochondrion. 2 ATP Made O 2 present, so pyruvate can enter the mitochondrion ATP made. **More Efficient Glycolysis

Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration are ______________________ processes. This means that the __________________ of photosynthesis are the _________________ of respiration and the __________________ of photosynthesis are the _________________ of respiration complementary products reactants

Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration 6CO 2 + 6H LIGHT  6O 2 + C 6 H Formula: Reactants: Carbon dioxide Water Light Products: Oxygen Glucose

Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration Formula: Reactants Oxygen Glucose Products Carbon dioxide Water Energy 6O 2 + C 6 H  6CO 2 + 6H ATP

Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration Autotrophs Autotrophs and Heterotrophs